Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NHM 365 > Module 6: Hypertension > Flashcards

Module 6: Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

HTN (hypertension) is persistently high _______ ______ _______.

A

arterial blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

______ or Primary HTN is idiopathic and appears to have a strong genetic component.

A

Essential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

________ HTN results from ANOTER condition, often renal or endocrine disease. There’s a direct cause & effect. It may be curable if you first fixe the underlying problem.

A

Secondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What % of people have essential/primary HTN?

A

90 - 95%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The ________ cycle is the mechanical events of 1 complete heartbeat.

A

cardiac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

______ is ventricular contraction and pump blood out.

A

Systole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

________ is ventricular relaxation and are filling with blood from the atria.

A

Diastole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

_________ ________ is the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each heart beat during systole.

A

Stroke volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

______ ________ is measured in beats per minute (bpm).

A

Heart rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

(CO) Cardiac Output is the volume of blood that flows through each ventricle per minute.

What’s the equation for CO?

A

CO = SV x HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What’s the equation for BP?

A

BP = CO x peripheral resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

_____ ________ (BP) is the hydrostatic pressure in the _______.

A

Blood pressure, arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

T/F: Arteries are a lot thicker & stronger than veins.

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Blood pressure is dependent on ______ ______.

A

cardiac output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Peripheral resistance is the _________ the blood encounters as it flows through the ________.

A

resistance, vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The ________ nervous system controls ___________ actions of the smooth muscles, the heart, and the glands.

A

autonomic, involuntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The autonomic nervous system has 2 divisions:

A
  • Sympathetic
  • Parasympathetic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The ____________ nervous system is AKA “FIGHT OR FLIGHT” where you get a release of epinephrine & norepinephrine that _______ heart rate and BP.

A

sympathetic, increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The ____________ nervous system is AKA “REST AND DIGEST” where it increases intestinal & glandular secretions, ___________ heart rate and BP through the ______ nerve.

A

parasympathetic, decreases, vagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

_______ ______ syndrome is when someone gets nervous at the doctor’s office and increases their BP.

A

White coat

21
Q

The _________ and _____________ autonomic nervous systems are key _________ of ______.

A

sympathetic, parasympathetic, regulators, BP

22
Q

A ______ in BP stimulates the release of ______from the kidneys.

A

drop, renin

23
Q

Renin acts as an ___________ and converts ____________ to angiotensin 1 which is then converted to its active form angiotensin II by the enzyme ________ ____________ _____________ (ACE).

A

enzyme, angiotensinogen, angiotensin converting enzyme

24
Q

Angiotensin ______ causes blood vessels to constrict and stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete ________.

A

II, aldosterone

25
Q

____________ is a hormone that causes the kidneys to reabsorb sodium and excrete potassium.

A

Aldosterone

26
Q

_____________ AKA antidiuretic hormone/ADH is a regulator that acts to INCREASE blood _______and _______ .

It is secreted by the __________ gland in response to a drop in _____. This causes vasoconstriction & retention of water by the kidneys.

A

Vasopressin, volume, pressure, pituitary, BP

27
Q

T/F: Obesity decreases peripheral resistance.

A

F (increases)

28
Q

Nicotine and caffiene can transiently _______ BP.

A

increase

29
Q

Atherosclerosis increases or decreases peripheral resistance? How will it affect BP?

A

increases

It increases BP

30
Q

_________ HTN can lead to:

  • Hemorrhagic stroke
  • An aneurysm
  • Weakened artery wall
  • Nephropathy
  • Retinopathy
A

Uncontrolled

31
Q

_______ HTN is one of the leading causes of kidney failure.

A

Chronic

32
Q

What is the WC of men and women for high risk associated with DM2, dyslipidemia, HTN and CVD?

A

Men: > 40 in (102 cm)
Women > 35 in (88cm)

33
Q

What is the recommended Dietary Guidelines for sodium intake?

A

< 2300 mg/day

34
Q

What is the AHA recommendation for sodium intake?

A

< 1500 mg/day

35
Q

BE CAREFUL WITH SALT SUBSTITUTES!

Salt substitutes + potassium (from potassium sparing meds) could lead to dangerous _____________.

A

hyperkalemia

36
Q

The DASH diet stands for what?

A

Dietary Approaches to Stop HTN

37
Q

T/F: The DASH diet is very effective for preventing & treating HTN.

A

T

38
Q

The DASH diet limits ______ intake but relies on increased minerals and fiber and low fat through veggies, fruits, whole grains, low fat dairy, legumes, nuts, and seeds.

A

sodium

39
Q

The DASH diet is rich in what 3 specific minerals?

A

potassium, calcium, and magnesium

40
Q

T/F: Natural licorice is naturally hypertensive & should be avoided.

A

T

41
Q

The ___________________ enzyme (ACE) inhibitors block the kidneys from retaining _______ and ________ by deactivating the ACE enzyme. This _________ BP.

A

angiotensin-converting enzyme, sodium, water, decreases/lowers

42
Q

ACE inhibitors and ARBs medications causes people to retain ____________ because aldosterone is blocked. This is why you want to avoid _____________ salt substitutes.

A

potassium, KCl

43
Q

_____________ ____ ____________ (ARBs) agonists blocks the action of angiotensin II at the receptor.

A

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers

44
Q

_______ and _____________ diuretics cause the kidneys to excrete __________ along with sodium and water. So individuals may need MORE potassium, so KCl salt substitutes are OK.

A

Loop, thiazide

45
Q

_________________ diuretics makes people hold on to more potassium. So KCl salt substitutes must be avoided.

A

Potassium-sparring

46
Q

______________ are anti-hypertensive meds that block beta androgenic receptors.

A

Beta-Blockers

47
Q

________________ blockers slow the movement of calcium into the smooth muscle cells of the heart. This __________ BP and dilates blood vessels. On these meds, you want to avoid ___________.

A

Ca2+ - channel, lowers, grapefruit

48
Q
A

NHM 365 (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions