Module 3: Upper GI - MNT for Upper GI Disorders (Esophagus)

Question 1

Esophageal ____________ = narrowing of the esophagus

Answer 1

strictures

Question 2

The main role of the esophogas is what?

Answer 2

motility

Question 3

Achalasia is when the ________ of the esophagus fails to ________ and allows food to pass from the esophagus ——> stomach.

Answer 3

LES, relax

Question 4

_______ esophagus is when the esophagus is disorganized & weakened and it most often affects the __________ population.

Answer 4

Spastic, elderly

Question 5

T/F: Achalasia is more common in young adults than older adults.

Answer 5

T

Question 6

_____________ is the most common sx of achalasia.

Answer 6

Dysphagia

Question 7

T/F: Hot or cold foods could trigger spasms in the esophagus.

Answer 7

T

Question 8

GERD stands for what?

Answer 8

gastroesophageal reflux disease

Question 9

T/F: GERD is very common.

Answer 9

T

Question 10

GERD is the reflux of ___________ contents into the __________ due to the _____ relaxing too much.

Answer 10

gastric, esophagus, LES

Question 11

Food high in fat, chocolate, spearmint, peppermint, alcohol & caffeine = common trigger foods of what?

Answer 11

GERD

Question 12

GERD is AKA heart ________.

Answer 12

burn

Question 13

_________ esophagus is a condition where the cells of the lower esophageal become damaged. This is due to repeated exposure of the stomach ________ to the esophagus.

Answer 13

Barrett’s, acid

Question 14

Antacids are medications that ________ the acidity of the chyme.

i.e. Mylanta, Maalox, Tums, Alkaseltzer

Answer 14

neutralize

Question 15

______ _______ _________ (PPIs) = most COMMON & EFFECTIVE medications for GERD. They block an enzyme in the _________ cells necessary for pumping out the stomach acid —-> decreased HCl production.

i.e. Prilosec, Prevacid, Nexium, Protonix

Answer 15

Proton pump inhibitors, parietal

Question 16

Histamine receptor antagonist AKA _______ blockers are medications that decrease ________ acid production. They block ____________ receptors in parietal cells which block the secretion of _________.

i.e. Zantac, Tagamet, Pepcid AC

Answer 16

H2, gastric, histamine, HCl

Question 17

___________ agents (AKA dopamine antagonists) speed up gastric __________.

i.e. Reglan, erythromycin

Answer 17

Prokinetic, emptying

Question 18

Nissen fundoplication is a _______ procedure for tx of GERD (most common). The ________ of the stomach is wrapped around the lower esophagus to make a stronger ________.

Answer 18

surgical, fundus, sphincter

Question 19

Stretta procedure is minimally invasive and uses _______ to treat the tissue of the LES w/high frequency radio ___________. Frequent tx results in a sphincter that’s more tighter and ___________.

Answer 19

endoscopy, waves, thicker

Question 20

Esophagitis is inflammation of the _____________ (usually at the lower end).

Answer 20

esophagus

Question 21

Prolonged esophagitis or GERD can increase the risk for _____________.

Answer 21

adenocarcinoma

Question 22

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic ________ system disease of the esophagus.

The eosinophils are __________ and builds up in the esophagus, causing erosion and damage.

Answer 22

immune, WBCs

Question 23

T/F: People with hiatal hernia almost always have GERD.

Answer 23

T

Question 24

________ hernia is an out-pouching portion of stomach into the chest thru the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm.

Answer 24

Hiatal

Question 25

Esophageal varices is associated with ___________ disease and portal HTN.

Answer 25

liver

Question 26

Esophageal varices are abnormal enlarged __________ in the lower part of the esophagus.

Answer 26

veins