Module 9: Diabetes Medications

Question 1

This ORAL glucose-lowering medication stimulated insulin secretion by beta-cells (in the pancreas).

They’re sulfonylureas like glipizide and glyburide; meglitinides (Starlix).

insulin ___________

Answer 1

secretagogues

Question 2

This ORAL glucose-lowering medication enhances insulin action & decreases hepatic glucose production.

They’re biguanides (Metformin = Glucophage) and thiazolidinediones (TZDs; Avandia, Actos, etc.)

insulin ______________

Answer 2

sensitizers

Question 3

_______ is an ORAL glucose-lowering medication that is commonly used. But has been shown to lower vit B12 levels, so vit B12 status should be monitored.

Answer 3

Metformin

Question 4

Insulin secretagogues are useful for pts who’s _____ cells still function, left to stimulate, such as those with Type _____ DM.

Answer 4

beta, 2

Question 5

This ORAL glucose-lowering medication inhibits enzymes that digest CHO in the SI, delay CHO absorption, and lower postprandial glycemia.

Although they tend to have some bad GI side effects.

They are alpha-glucosidase inhibitors - i.e acarbose (Precose), and miglitol (Glyset)

enzyme ___________

Answer 5

inhibitors

Question 6

This ORAL glucose-lowering medication blocks reabsorption of glucose from the kidney, so it’s expelled in the urine.

i.e. Invokana, Farxiga, Jardiance

(SGLT2) _______ _________ cotransporter 2 inbibitors

Answer 6

sodium glucose

Question 7

This ORAL glucose-lowering medication prevents the breakdown of natural incretin gut hormones (i.e. GLP-1) that stimulates insulin secretion after a meal.

i.e. Januvia

It’s sometimes taken in combination w/other medications. It may also increase satiety.

_______ (dipeptidyl peptidase) inhibitors

Answer 7

DPP-4

Question 8

This INJECTABLE glucose-lowering medication is released after eating and stimulates insulin secretion, slows gastric emptying, decreases glucagon production, and decreases appetite.

It’s known as Victoza, Saxenda, etc. and was recently FDA approved for CHILDREN 10+ with Type 2 DM.

_______ agonists - ___________

Answer 8

GLP-, liraglutide

Question 9

This INJECTABLE glucose-lowering medication is used ONCE a week instead of once daily injections.

It’s known as Ozempic, Rybelsus, Wegovy and Trulicity.

_______ agonists _________ and dulaglutide

Answer 9

GLP-1 semaglutide

Question 10

Someone with Type 1 DM definitely needs __________ for survival because their ______ cells are destroyed and can’t produce insulin.

Answer 10

insulin, beta

Question 11

What are the 3 characteristics of insulin?

Answer 11

onset, peak, and duration

Question 12

An insulin ________ provides continuous (basal) dosage of insulin with boluses to “cover” food intake over ______ hrs.

Answer 12

pump, 24

Question 13

Insulin boluses usually contain:
- _______ insulin
- _______ time insulin

Answer 13

basal, meal

Question 14

_________-acting insulin would be mimicking the basal insulin over 24 hrs.

Answer 14

Long

Question 15

________/rapid -acting insulin are used for meal time boluses.

Answer 15

Short

Question 16

____________-acting insulin is used in one of the long or short-acting insulin mixtures and would be given in an insulin pen.

Answer 16

Intermediate

Question 17

________ (CHO) drives blood glucose the most.

Answer 17

Carbohydrate

Question 18

You calculated an Insulin:CHO Ration for somebody with which type of diabetes?

Answer 18

Type 1

Question 19

An avg to start with for an adults is 1 unit of insulin for every ______ g of CHO. Which the ratio would be______

Answer 19

15, 1:15

Question 20

Injection sites for insulin may include the:
__________, ____________, ________ _____.

It’s good to rotate them.

Answer 20

abdomen, thigh, upper arm

Question 21

Blood glucose monitoring for Type 1 DM is _______ times a day (conventional) to ________ times a day (intensive).

Answer 21

3, 8

Question 22

Blood glucose monitoring for Type 2 DM is _______ times a day, or 3 - 4 days/week.

Answer 22

1 - 4,

Question 23

CGM stands for

Answer 23

continuous glucose monitoring

Question 24

Target for HbA1c levels for someone with Diabetes is:

Answer 24

< 7%

Question 25

T/F: There is a cure for Diabetes.

Answer 25

F

Question 26

What is the CHO:insluin ration for someone who is obese?

Answer 26

1:10

Question 27

Someone with Type ___ DM will take 50% of their insulin as the basal/background insulin. And the other 50% is divided in the _____ time bolus.

Answer 27

1, meal

Question 28

The _______ transplant AKA Islet cell transplant is usually used for people with “______” diabetes or someone who has wide swings in their blood glucose

Answer 28

pancreas, brittle

Question 29

Long-term complications of _________ and _________ are the major side effects of pancreas/islet cell transplant.

They alter metabolism and fat deposition, cause osteoporosis and hyperlipidemia.

Answer 29

immunosuppressants, corticosteroids