Module 9: Diabetes Medications Flashcards
This ORAL glucose-lowering medication stimulated insulin secretion by beta-cells (in the pancreas).
They’re sulfonylureas like glipizide and glyburide; meglitinides (Starlix).
insulin ___________
secretagogues
This ORAL glucose-lowering medication enhances insulin action & decreases hepatic glucose production.
They’re biguanides (Metformin = Glucophage) and thiazolidinediones (TZDs; Avandia, Actos, etc.)
insulin ______________
sensitizers
_______ is an ORAL glucose-lowering medication that is commonly used. But has been shown to lower vit B12 levels, so vit B12 status should be monitored.
Metformin
Insulin secretagogues are useful for pts who’s _____ cells still function, left to stimulate, such as those with Type _____ DM.
beta, 2
This ORAL glucose-lowering medication inhibits enzymes that digest CHO in the SI, delay CHO absorption, and lower postprandial glycemia.
Although they tend to have some bad GI side effects.
They are alpha-glucosidase inhibitors - i.e acarbose (Precose), and miglitol (Glyset)
enzyme ___________
inhibitors
This ORAL glucose-lowering medication blocks reabsorption of glucose from the kidney, so it’s expelled in the urine.
i.e. Invokana, Farxiga, Jardiance
(SGLT2) _______ _________ cotransporter 2 inbibitors
sodium glucose
This ORAL glucose-lowering medication prevents the breakdown of natural incretin gut hormones (i.e. GLP-1) that stimulates insulin secretion after a meal.
i.e. Januvia
It’s sometimes taken in combination w/other medications. It may also increase satiety.
_______ (dipeptidyl peptidase) inhibitors
DPP-4
This INJECTABLE glucose-lowering medication is released after eating and stimulates insulin secretion, slows gastric emptying, decreases glucagon production, and decreases appetite.
It’s known as Victoza, Saxenda, etc. and was recently FDA approved for CHILDREN 10+ with Type 2 DM.
_______ agonists - ___________
GLP-, liraglutide
This INJECTABLE glucose-lowering medication is used ONCE a week instead of once daily injections.
It’s known as Ozempic, Rybelsus, Wegovy and Trulicity.
_______ agonists _________ and dulaglutide
GLP-1 semaglutide
Someone with Type 1 DM definitely needs __________ for survival because their ______ cells are destroyed and can’t produce insulin.
insulin, beta
What are the 3 characteristics of insulin?
onset, peak, and duration
An insulin ________ provides continuous (basal) dosage of insulin with boluses to “cover” food intake over ______ hrs.
pump, 24
Insulin boluses usually contain:
- _______ insulin
- _______ time insulin
basal, meal
_________-acting insulin would be mimicking the basal insulin over 24 hrs.
Long
________/rapid -acting insulin are used for meal time boluses.
Short
____________-acting insulin is used in one of the long or short-acting insulin mixtures and would be given in an insulin pen.
Intermediate
________ (CHO) drives blood glucose the most.
Carbohydrate
You calculated an Insulin:CHO Ration for somebody with which type of diabetes?
Type 1
An avg to start with for an adults is 1 unit of insulin for every ______ g of CHO. Which the ratio would be______
15, 1:15
Injection sites for insulin may include the:
__________, ____________, ________ _____.
It’s good to rotate them.
abdomen, thigh, upper arm
Blood glucose monitoring for Type 1 DM is _______ times a day (conventional) to ________ times a day (intensive).
3, 8
Blood glucose monitoring for Type 2 DM is _______ times a day, or 3 - 4 days/week.
1 - 4,
CGM stands for
continuous glucose monitoring
Target for HbA1c levels for someone with Diabetes is:
< 7%
T/F: There is a cure for Diabetes.
F
What is the CHO:insluin ration for someone who is obese?
1:10
Someone with Type ___ DM will take 50% of their insulin as the basal/background insulin. And the other 50% is divided in the _____ time bolus.
1, meal
The _______ transplant AKA Islet cell transplant is usually used for people with “______” diabetes or someone who has wide swings in their blood glucose
pancreas, brittle
Long-term complications of _________ and _________ are the major side effects of pancreas/islet cell transplant.
They alter metabolism and fat deposition, cause osteoporosis and hyperlipidemia.
immunosuppressants, corticosteroids
