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TOS AbPsych > Module 9: Anxiety Disorders > Flashcards

Module 9: Anxiety Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different anxiety disorders?

A
  1. Separation Anxiety Disorder
  2. Selective Mutism
  3. Specific Phobia
  4. Social Anxiety Disorder
  5. Panic Disorder
  6. Agoraphobia
  7. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
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2
Q

What is Separation Anxiety Disorder concerned or characterized with?

A

+ concerns with real or imagined separating from attachment figures
+ concerned about the proximity and safety of key attachment figures
+ fear of possible separation is the central thought

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3
Q

What may separation lead to for a person with separation anxiety disorder?

A

separation may lead to extreme anxiety and panic attacks

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4
Q

What are some effects that people with separation anxiety disorder may experience?

A

do not attend school so they won’t be separated with their attachment figure (although not entirely responsible for school absences or school avoidance)

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5
Q

When does separation anxiety disorder develop?

A

develops after life stress, bullying and a history of parental overprotection and intrusiveness

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6
Q

Is separation anxiety disorder heritable?

A

Yes, it is heritable

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7
Q

What is the comorbidity of Separation Anxiety Disorder in children?

A

highly co-morbid with GAD and Specific Phobia in children

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8
Q

What is the comorbidity of Separation Anxiety Disorder in adults?

A

for Adults, common comorbidities inc. phobia, PTSD, Panic Disorder, GAD, SAD, Agora, OCD, Prolonged Grief Disorder, PD (Dependent, Avoidant, and OCPD), MDE and Bipolar Disorders

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9
Q

What should the duration of the symptoms be for it to be diagnosed as separation anxiety disorder?

A

at least 4 weeks (children) or 6 months or more (adults)

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10
Q

What is Selective Mutism concerned or characterized with?

A

+ rare childhood disorder
+ characterized by a lack of speech in one or more setting in which speaking is socially expected
+ restricted to a specific social situation
+ a child could speak in one setting but cannot/do not in another setting
+ not better explained by communication disorder

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11
Q

When can selective mutism be diagnosed?

A

only diagnosed when a child has established a capacity to speak in some social situations

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12
Q

What to people with selective mutism learn to do?

A

learn to perform avoidance and safety behaviors to avoid disasters

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13
Q

What is the comorbidity of selective mutism in children?

A

children with selective mutism are almost always given an additional diagnosis of another anxiety disorder (usually, Social Anxiety)

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14
Q

In what part of the brain are there abnormalities in people with selective mutism?

A

increased abnormalities in the auditory efferent neural activity during vocalization

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15
Q

What are parents of children with selective mutism described to be?

A

parents are described to be overprotective or more controlling

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16
Q

How long should the duration of symptoms for selective mutism be to be diagnosed?

A

at least 1 month

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17
Q

What is Specific Phobia concerned or characterized with?

A

irrational fear of a specific object or situation that markedly interferes with an individual’s ability to function

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18
Q

How is Specific Phobia acquired by a person?

A

acquired through direct experience, experiencing in false alarm, and observation

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19
Q

What is the difference between specific phobia and agoraphobia?

A

it only fears one setting, unlike Agoraphobia (which requires 3 settings), then Specific Phobia-Situational can be diagnosed

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20
Q

When does specific phobia usually develop?

A

usually develops during childhood

21
Q

Is specific phobia heritable?

A

there may be genetic susceptibility to certain category of specific phobia

22
Q

Gender Proportions in Specific Phobia

A

+ Animal, Natural Envi, and Situational Specific Phobias ~ Women > Men
+ Blood-Injection-Injury Phobia ~ Women = Men

23
Q

What is the comorbidity of specific phobia?

A

increased risk for the development of other disorder such as other anxiety disorders, depressive and bipolar disorders, substance related disorders, somatic disorders, and PD

24
Q

What is the duration before specific phobia can be diagnosed?

A

6 months or more

25
Q

What is Social Anxiety Disorder concerned or characterized with?

A

+ fear or anxiety about possible embarrassment or scrutiny
+ typically have adequate age-appropriate social relationships and social communication capacity

26
Q

Are panic attacks comorbid in social anxiety disorder?

A

can have panic attacks but it is cued by social situations

27
Q

What is the medicine/treatment for social anxiety disorder?

A

Self-medication with substances is common

28
Q

What are the concepts important to note in social anxiety disorder?

A
  1. Blushing
  2. Paruresis
29
Q

Blushing

A

hallmark physical response of Social Anxiety Disorder

30
Q

Paruresis

A

difficulty peeing in public restrooms or with people nearby

31
Q

When does social anxiety disorder result to MDD?

A

Chronic Isolation in the course of Social Anxiety Disorder may result to MDD

32
Q

What are the comorbidities with social anxiety disorder?

A

requently co-morbid with BDD and Avoidant PD

33
Q

What are the comorbidities with social anxiety disorder in children?

A

in children, comorbidities with high functioning ASD and Selective Mutism are common

34
Q

What is the duration for social anxiety disorder symptoms to occur before it can be diagnosed?

A

6 months or more

35
Q

What is Panic Disorder concerned or characterized with?

A

+ abrupt surge of intense fear or discomfort out of nowhere, with no triggers
+ followed by persistent concerns about more attacks or the consequences of it or maladaptive change in behavior related to the attacks

36
Q

When can panic attacks be diagnosed?

A

cannot be diagnosed unless full symptom panic attacks were experienced

37
Q

What is the biological explanation for panic disorders?

A

norepinephrine activities are irregular

38
Q

What is the gender proportion for panic disorders?

A

women > men

39
Q

What is the required duration for the symptoms before panic disorder can be diagnosed?

A

1 month or more

40
Q

What is Agoraphobia concerned or characterized with?

A

fear in two or more situations (public transpo, open spaces, enclosed spaces, standing in line, being outside of the home alone) due to thoughts that escape might be difficult or no one will help them in case panic-like symptoms would manifest

41
Q

When does agoraphobia usually develop?

A

developed after a person has unexpected panic attacks

42
Q

What genetic factor is agoraphobia strongly associated with?

A

has the strongest and most specific association with the genetic factor that represent proneness to phobia

43
Q

How many individuals with agoraphobia are diagnosed with other mental disorders?

A

90% of individuals with agoraphobia also have other mental disorders

44
Q

How long should the symptoms of agoraphobia in order for it to be diagnosed in an individual?

A

6 months or more

45
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

+ difficulty to control worry
+ excessive anxiety and worry occurring more days than not for at least 6 months, about a number of events or activities
+ worry whether or not they are judged/evaluated

46
Q

What do individuals with generalized anxiety disorder believe in?

A

“the world is a dangerous place”

47
Q

What is the biological explanation behind generalized anxiety disorder?

A

+ intense cognitive processing in the frontal lobes, particularly in the left hemisphere
+ fear circuit is excessively active
+ decreased GABA activity

48
Q

What may intense worrying in generalized anxiety disorder manifest as?

A

intense worrying may act as avoidance

TOS AbPsych (37 decks)

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