Module 9: Anxiety Disorders Flashcards
What are the different anxiety disorders?
- Separation Anxiety Disorder
- Selective Mutism
- Specific Phobia
- Social Anxiety Disorder
- Panic Disorder
- Agoraphobia
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder
What is Separation Anxiety Disorder concerned or characterized with?
+ concerns with real or imagined separating from attachment figures
+ concerned about the proximity and safety of key attachment figures
+ fear of possible separation is the central thought
What may separation lead to for a person with separation anxiety disorder?
separation may lead to extreme anxiety and panic attacks
What are some effects that people with separation anxiety disorder may experience?
do not attend school so they won’t be separated with their attachment figure (although not entirely responsible for school absences or school avoidance)
When does separation anxiety disorder develop?
develops after life stress, bullying and a history of parental overprotection and intrusiveness
Is separation anxiety disorder heritable?
Yes, it is heritable
What is the comorbidity of Separation Anxiety Disorder in children?
highly co-morbid with GAD and Specific Phobia in children
What is the comorbidity of Separation Anxiety Disorder in adults?
for Adults, common comorbidities inc. phobia, PTSD, Panic Disorder, GAD, SAD, Agora, OCD, Prolonged Grief Disorder, PD (Dependent, Avoidant, and OCPD), MDE and Bipolar Disorders
What should the duration of the symptoms be for it to be diagnosed as separation anxiety disorder?
at least 4 weeks (children) or 6 months or more (adults)
What is Selective Mutism concerned or characterized with?
+ rare childhood disorder
+ characterized by a lack of speech in one or more setting in which speaking is socially expected
+ restricted to a specific social situation
+ a child could speak in one setting but cannot/do not in another setting
+ not better explained by communication disorder
When can selective mutism be diagnosed?
only diagnosed when a child has established a capacity to speak in some social situations
What to people with selective mutism learn to do?
learn to perform avoidance and safety behaviors to avoid disasters
What is the comorbidity of selective mutism in children?
children with selective mutism are almost always given an additional diagnosis of another anxiety disorder (usually, Social Anxiety)
In what part of the brain are there abnormalities in people with selective mutism?
increased abnormalities in the auditory efferent neural activity during vocalization
What are parents of children with selective mutism described to be?
parents are described to be overprotective or more controlling
How long should the duration of symptoms for selective mutism be to be diagnosed?
at least 1 month
What is Specific Phobia concerned or characterized with?
irrational fear of a specific object or situation that markedly interferes with an individual’s ability to function
How is Specific Phobia acquired by a person?
acquired through direct experience, experiencing in false alarm, and observation
What is the difference between specific phobia and agoraphobia?
it only fears one setting, unlike Agoraphobia (which requires 3 settings), then Specific Phobia-Situational can be diagnosed
When does specific phobia usually develop?
usually develops during childhood
Is specific phobia heritable?
there may be genetic susceptibility to certain category of specific phobia
Gender Proportions in Specific Phobia
+ Animal, Natural Envi, and Situational Specific Phobias ~ Women > Men
+ Blood-Injection-Injury Phobia ~ Women = Men
What is the comorbidity of specific phobia?
increased risk for the development of other disorder such as other anxiety disorders, depressive and bipolar disorders, substance related disorders, somatic disorders, and PD
What is the duration before specific phobia can be diagnosed?
6 months or more
