Module 1: Normalcy and Abnormalcy

Question 1

Psychological Disorder

Answer 1

psychological function within an individual associated with distress or impairment in functioning and a response that is not typical or culturally expected

Question 2

What are the 4D’s of psychological disorder?

Answer 2

1. Dysfunction
2. Distress
3. Deviance
4. Dangerousness

Question 3

Psychological Dysfunction

Answer 3

refers to a breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning

+ interferes daily functioning

Question 4

Distress or Impairment

Answer 4

individual is extremely upset and cannot function properly

Question 5

Atypical or not culturally expected (deviance)

Answer 5

deviates from the average or the norm of the culture

+ not just to society but deviation from the person’s usual behavior

Question 6

Dangerousness

Answer 6

creates potential harm to self (suicidal gestures) and others (excessive aggression)

Question 7

Duration

Answer 7

how long the mental state has been persisting

+ constant fluctuation of mood, thoughts, and behaviors is normal, but if changes is sustained, persistent and pervasive, it can be concerning

Question 8

Psychopathology

Answer 8

scientific study of mental disorders

Question 9

Clinical Psychology

Answer 9

applied branch of Psychology that seeks to understand, assess, and treat psychological conditions in a clinical setting

Question 10

Abnormal Psychology

Answer 10

branch of Psychology that studies unusual patterns of behavior, emotions, and thought which may or may not indicate an underlying condition

Question 11

Normal Behavior

Answer 11

one behavior that is like other people in society

Question 12

What is normality?

Answer 12

1. Normality is social conformity (note: some behaviors are non-conforming but still normal)
2. Normality is personal comfort
3. Normality is a process

Question 13

What is the criteria for determining abnormal behavior?

Answer 13

1. Norm-violation
2. Statistical rarity
3. Personal discomfort
4. Deviation
5. Maladaptiveness

Question 14

Clinical Assessment

Answer 14

the systematic evaluation and measurement of psychological, biological, and social factors in an individual presenting with a possible psychological disorder

Question 15

Diagnosis

Answer 15

process of determining whether the particular problem afflicting the individual meets all criteria for a psychological disorder

Question 16

Epidemiology

Answer 16

study of the distribution of diseases, disorders, or health-related behaviors in a given population

Question 17

Prevalence

Answer 17

number of active cases in a population during a given period of time

Question 18

Point Prevalence

Answer 18

proportion of actual, active cases of a disorder in a given population at a given point in time

Question 19

1 year prevalence

Answer 19

everyone who experienced depression at any point in time throughout the entire year

Question 20

Lifetime Prevalence

Answer 20

estimate number of people who have had a particular disorder at any time in their lives

Question 21

Incidence

Answer 21

number of new cases occur a given period of time

Question 22

Sign

Answer 22

manifestation of disease that the physicians receive

Question 23

Symptom

Answer 23

subjective representation of the complaints of the patient

Question 24

Syndrome

Answer 24

group of symptoms that occur together more often by chance

Question 25

Axes of the DSM-IV

Answer 25

Axis 1: Clinical disorder
Axis 2: Personality disorders and mental retardation
Axis 3: General mental conditions
Axis 4: Psychosocial and environmental problems
Axis 5: Global assessment and functioning