Module 11: OCD-Related Disorders

Question 1

What are the different OCD-Related Disorders?

Answer 1

1. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
2. Body Dysmorphic Disorder
3. Hoarding
4. Trichotillomania
5. Excoriation

Question 2

Obsessions

Answer 2

intrusive and mostly nonsensical thoughts, images, or urges that the individual tries to resist or eliminate

Question 3

Compulsions

Answer 3

thoughts or actions used to suppress the obsessions and provide relief

Question 4

Sensory Phenomena

Answer 4

physical experiences that precede compulsions

Question 5

What is common in individuals with OCD?

Answer 5

common to avoid people, places, and things that trigger OC

Question 6

Accommodation

Answer 6

involvement of family and friends in compulsive rituals

Question 7

What are the risks that can heighten the chance of OCD in individuals?

Answer 7

1. perinatal events,
2. premature birth,
3. tobacco use during pregnancy,
4. sexual and physical abuse, or
5. other environmental factors like infectious agents

Question 8

What is common to occur in patients with OCD?

Answer 8

Tic Disorders is common to co-occur in patients with OCD

Question 9

What do obsessions involve or not involve usually?

Answer 9

obsessions usually do not involve real life concerns and can include one, irrational, or magical content

Question 10

What obsessions are limited to BDD and trichotillomania?

Answer 10

In BDD and Tricho, the compulsive behavior is limited to hair pulling or distortions in absence of obsessions

Question 11

What is the difference between OCD and BDD & Tricho?

Answer 11

In OCD, obsessions and compulsions are not limited to concerns about weight and food

Question 12

What are compulsions and tics usually preceded by?

Answer 12

Compulsions are usually preceded by obsessions, tics are often preceded by premonitory sensory urges

Question 13

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Answer 13

+ preoccupation with some imagined defect
+ imagined ugliness
+ have ideas or delusions of reference
+ excessive appearance-related preoccupations and repetitive behaviors that are time-consuming

Question 14

Body Dysmorphic Disorder with muscle dysmorphia

Answer 14

preoccupied with the idea that his or her body build is too small

Question 15

What is Body Dysmorphic Disorder associated with?

Answer 15

+ associated with high levels of anxiety, social avoidance, depressed mood, negative affectivity, rejection sensitivity, and perfectionism
+ as well as low extroversion and low self-esteem
+ associated with abnormalities in emotion regulation, attention, and executive function

Question 16

What is BDD comorbid with?

Answer 16

can be co-morbid with eating disorders, MDD, Social Anxiety, and substance-related disorders

Question 17

Hoarding

Answer 17

difficulty discarding or parting with possessions

Question 18

Prader-Willi Syndrome

Hoarding

Answer 18

characterized by severe hypotonia, poor appetite, and feeding difficulties in early infancy, followed in early childhood by excessive eating and gradual development of morbid obesity

Question 19

Hoarding With Excessive Acquisition

Answer 19

if difficulty discarding possessions is accompanied by excessive acquisitions of items that are not needed or for which there is not available space

Question 20

What are other common features of Hoarding?

Answer 20

indecisiveness, perfectionism, avoidance, procrastination, difficulty planning, and organizing tasks

Question 21

What is another type of Hoarding?

Answer 21

Animal Hoarding

Question 22

What is the biological background of Hoarding?

Answer 22

not direct consequence of neurodevelopmental disorder, nor delusion, nor psychomotor retardation, fatigue, or loss of energy

Question 23

When should Trichotillomania not be diagnosed?

Answer 23

should not be diagnosed when hair removal is performed solely for cosmetic reasons

Question 24

What may Trichotillomania be triggered by?

Answer 24

may be triggered by feelings of anxiety of boredom, may be preceded by an increasing sense of tension or may lead to gratification, pleasure, or sense of relief when the hair is pulled out

Question 25

When does hair pulling not usually occur in (trichotillomania)?

Answer 25

hair pulling does not usually occur in the presence of other individuals, except immediate family members

Question 26

In what kind of individuals is the disorder more common?

Answer 26

disorder is more common in individual with OCD and their first-degree relatives

Question 27

When does trichotillomania become OCD?

Answer 27

diagnosis will be OCD, if there is obsession of symmetry

Question 28

What is the diagnosis if someone with ASD has hair-pulling behaviors?

Answer 28

someone with ASD could have hair-pulling
behaviors when frustrated or angry, so if it’s impairing then it can be diagnosed as stereotypic movement disorder

Question 29

What happens if an individual with trichotillomania has a delusion/hallucination?

Answer 29

note the delusion or hallucination, if then, psychotic disorder

Question 30

What may be comorbid with trichotillomania?

Answer 30

accompanied by MDD and Excoriation disorder

Question 31

Excoriation

Answer 31

skin-picking

Question 32

What may skin-picking be a response to?

Answer 32

delusion or tactile hallucination

Question 33

When can excoriation be diagnosed?

Answer 33

In absence of deception, excoriation disorder can be diagnosed if there are repeated attempts to decrease or stop skin picking