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TOS AbPsych > Module 24: Personality Disorders > Flashcards

Module 24: Personality Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Cluster A Personality Disorders?

A
  1. Paranoid
  2. Schizoid
  3. Schizotypal
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2
Q

Paranoid Personality Disorder

A

+ excessively mistrustful and suspicious of others, without justification
+ problems with close relationships
+ overt argumentativeness, in recurrent complaining, or by hostile aloofness
+ need to have a high degree of control over those around them
+ rigid, critical of others, and unable to collaborate, although they have great difficulty accepting criticism themselves
+ too much use of projection

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3
Q

When is paranoid personality disorder more common?

A

more common among relatives who have schizophrenia

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4
Q

What is the reason for paranoid personality disorder?

A

maybe due to early mistreatment or traumatic childhood experiences

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5
Q

What is paranoid personality disorder associated with?

A

associated with prior history of childhood mistreatment, externalizing symptoms, bullying, and adult appearance of interpersonal aggression

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6
Q

What do people with paranoid personality disorder believe in?

A

“I cannot trust people”

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7
Q

What is the gender proportion for individuals with paranoid personality disorder?

A

Males = Females

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8
Q

What may individuals with paranoid personality disorder experience?

A

may experience brief psychotic episodes

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9
Q

What may individuals with paranoid personality disorder develop?

A

may develop MDD, Agoraphobia, and OCD

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10
Q

What may paranoid personality disorder be comorbid with?

A

most common co-occurring PD appear to be schizotypal, schizoid, narcissistic, avoidant, and borderline

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11
Q

Schizoid Personality Disorder

A

+ detachment from social relationships and limited range of emotions
+ difficulty expressing anger, even in response to direct provocation, which contributes to the impression that they lack emotion
+ tendency to turn inward and away from the outside world
+ believes that “Relationships are messy and undesirable”
+ sometimes, experience brief psychotic episodes

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12
Q

What is a precursor to later schizoid personality disorder?

A

childhood shyness is reported as a precursor to later personality disorder

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13
Q

What is the gender proportion for schizoid personality disorder?

A

Males > Females

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14
Q

What do individuals with schizoid personality have difficulty expressing?

A

difficulty expressing anger, even in response to direct provocation, which contributes to the impression that they lack emotion

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15
Q

What do individuals with schizoid personality have a tendency to do?

A

tendency to turn inward and away from the outside world

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16
Q

What do individuals with schizoid personality believe in about relationships?

A

believes that “Relationships are messy and undesirable”

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17
Q

Do individuals with schizoid personality experience brief psychotic episodes?

A

sometimes, experience brief psychotic episodes

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18
Q

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

A

+ typically socially isolated and behave in ways that would seem unusual to many of us, and they tend to be suspicious and to have odd beliefs
+ has ideas of reference
+ have odd beliefs or engage in magical thinking
+ associated with childhood mistreatment and could be resulted from PTSD symptoms
+ “It is better to be isolated from others”
+ often seek treatment for the associated symptoms of anxiety or depression rather than PD

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19
Q

Ideas of Reference

A

false beliefs that random or irrelevant occurrences in the world directly relate to oneself

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20
Q

What is schizotypal personality disorder characterized by?

A

+ typically socially isolated and behave in ways that would seem unusual to many of us, and they tend to be suspicious and to have odd beliefs
+ have odd beliefs or engage in magical thinking

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21
Q

What is schizotypal personality disorder associated with?

A

associated with childhood mistreatment and could be resulted from PTSD symptoms

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22
Q

What is a belief of people with schizotypal personality disorder?

A

“It is better to be isolated from others”

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23
Q

What are the different Cluster B personality disorders?

A
  1. Histrionic
  2. Borderline
  3. Narcissistic
  4. Antisocial
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24
Q

Histrionic Personality Disorder

A

+ tend to be overly dramatic and almost to be acting
+ express emotions in an exaggerated manner
+ characterized by social dominance
+ more likely to get divorced or never get married
+ have tendency to get bored with their usual routine
+ histrionic and antisocial co-occur more often
+ “ako ang bida”

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25
Q

What is histrionic personality disorder characterized by?

A

+ tend to be overly dramatic and almost to be acting
+ characterized by social dominance

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26
Q

How do individuals with histrionic personality disorder express themselves?

A

express emotions in an exaggerated manner

27
Q

What kind of marriage are individuals with histrionic personality disorder most likely to have?

A

more likely to get divorced or never get married

28
Q

What is another personality disorder that often co-occurs with histrionic personality disorder?

A

histrionic and antisocial co-occur more often

29
Q

What kind of belief do individuals with histrionic personality disorder mostly have?

A

“ako ang bida”

30
Q

What is the gender proportion for histrionic personality disorder?

A

Females > Males

31
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder

A

+ moods and relationships are unstable, and usually they have poor self-image
+ have pattern of undermining themselves at the moment the goal is about to be realized
+ may feel more secure with transitional object than interpersonal relationships
+ often feel empty and are great risk of dying by their own hands
+ often engage to suicidal behaviors
+ tend to have turbulent relationships, fearing abandonment but lacking control over their emotions
+ often intense, going from anger to deep depression in a short time
+ prevalent in families with history of mood disorders
+ if co-occurs with mood disorders, both are diagnosed
+ recovery is more difficult and less stable
+ “sad gorl iz me”

32
Q

What is borderline personality disorder characterized by?

A

+ moods and relationships are unstable, and usually they have poor self-image
+ often intense, going from anger to deep depression in a short time

33
Q

What pattern of behavior do individuals with borderline personality disorder have?

A

have pattern of undermining themselves at the moment the goal is about to be realized

34
Q

When do individuals with borderline personality disorder feel secure?

A

may feel more secure with transitional object than interpersonal relationships

35
Q

What kind of behaviors do people with borderline personality disorder often engage in?

A

+ often feel empty and are great risk of dying by their own hands
+ often engage to suicidal behaviors
+ often intense, going from anger to deep depression in a short time

36
Q

What kind of relationships do individuals with borderline personality disorders have?

A

tend to have turbulent relationships, fearing abandonment but lacking control over their emotions

37
Q

In what kind of families is borderline personality disorder most prevalent in?

A

prevalent in families with history of mood disorders

38
Q

What disorders are comorbid with borderline personality disorder?

A

+ if co-occurs with mood disorders, both are diagnosed
+ common co-occurring disorders incl. depressive and bipolar disorders, substance use disorders, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, PTSD, and ADHD

39
Q

What belief do individuals with borderline personality disorder often have?

A

“sad gorl iz me”

40
Q

What is the gender proportion for individuals who have borderline personality disorder?

A

Females = Males

41
Q

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

A

+ they consider themselves different from others and deserve special treatment
+ unreasonable sense of self-importance and are so preoccupied with themselves that they lack sensitivity and compassion
+ grandiosity
+ very sensitive to criticism
+ interpersonal relations are typically impaired because of problems related to self-preoccupation, entitlement, need for admiration, and relative disregard for sensitivities of others
+ “I am the greatest in the world”

42
Q

What are individuals with narcissistic personality disorder sensitive to?

A

very sensitive to criticism

43
Q

What kind of relationships do individuals with narcissistic personality disorder have?

A

interpersonal relations are typically impaired because of problems related to self-preoccupation, entitlement, need for admiration, and relative disregard for sensitivities of others

44
Q

What do individuals with narcissistic personality disorder believe in?

A

“I am the greatest in the world”

45
Q

What is the gender proportion of narcissistic personality disorder?

A

Males > Females

46
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder

A

+ characterized as having history of failing to comply with social norms
+ irresponsible, impulsive, and deceitful
+ lacking in conscience and empathy, selfishly take what they want and do as they please, violating social norms and expectations

47
Q

What is the age of onset for antisocial personality disorder?

A

at least 18 years of age

48
Q

How is antisocial personality disorder connected to conduct disorder?

A

+ evidence of conduct disorder before 15 years old
+ CD will be given if the criteria for Antisocial PD is not met

49
Q

Underarousal Hypothesis

A

psychopaths have abnormally low levels of cortical arousal

50
Q

Fearlessness Hypothesis

A

psychopaths possess a higher threshold for experiencing fear than most other individuals

51
Q

What is the gender proportion for antisocial personality disorder?

A

Males > Females

52
Q

What may individuals with antisocial personality disorder experience?

A

may experience dysphoria, incl. complaints of tension, inability to tolerate boredom, and depressed mood

53
Q

What are the personality disorders in Cluster C?

A
  1. Avoidant
  2. Dependent
  3. Obsessive-Compulsive
54
Q

Avoidant Personality Disorder

A

+ extremely sensitive of the opinion of others and although they desire social relationship, their anxiety leads them to avoid
+ they are likely to misinterpret social responses as critical, which in turn confirms their self-doubts
+ low self-esteem and hypersensitivity to rejection
+ have insecure attachment style characterized by desire for emotional attachment
+ extremely low self-esteem cause them to be limited with friendships and dependent to those they feel comfy with
+ feel chronically rejected by others and pessimistic about their future
+ negative self-concept

55
Q

What is the difference between avoidant personality disorder and social anxiety disorder?

A

Avoidant PD - negative self-concept
Social Anxiety Disorder – negative evaluations

56
Q

What do individuals with avoidant personality disorder believe in?

A

“If they knew the real me, they would reject me”

57
Q

What is the gender proportion for individuals with avoidant personality disorder?

A

Females > Males

58
Q

Dependent Personality Disorder

A

+ rely on others to make ordinary decisions and even important ones which results in an unreasonable fear of abandonment
+ characterized by pessimism and self doubt and tend to belittle their abilities and assets
+ take criticism and disapproval as proof of their worthlessness and lose faith in themselves
+ agree with other people’s opinion just to be not rejected
+ feel uncomfortable or helpless when alone

59
Q

What do individuals with dependent personality disorder believe in?

A

“I need people to survive and be happy”

60
Q

What is the gender proportion for dependent personality disorder?

A

Females > Males

61
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

A

+ perfectionist
+ fixation on things being done “the right way”
+ this preoccupation with details prevents them from completing much of anything
+ need to control

62
Q

Can an individual have both OCPD and OCD?

A

Yes, when criteria for both OCD and OCPD are met, both can be given

63
Q

What do people with OCPD believe in?

A

“I am perfectionist, everything should be done under my control and liking”

64
Q

What is the gender proportion for OCPD?

A

Males > Females

TOS AbPsych (35 decks)

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