Module 18: Sleeping Disorders Flashcards
Dyssomnia
difficulties in getting enough sleep, problems with sleeping when you want to and complaints about the quality of sleep
Parasomnia
characterized by abnormal behavior or physiological events that occur during sleep
REM Sleep
during which the majority of typical story like dreams occur (20%-25% of total sleep)
How many stages are there in REM sleep?
3 stages
NREM Sleep Stage 1 (N1)
transition from wakefulness to sleep and occupies about 5% of time spent asleep in healthy adults
NREM Sleep Stage 2 (N2)
characterized by specific electroencephalographic waveforms (sleep spindles and K complexes), occupies about 50% of time spent sleep
NREM Sleep Stage 3 (N3)
slow wave sleep; deepest level of sleep
Sleep Continuity
overall balance of sleep and wakefulness during night of sleep
Sleep Latency
amount of time required to fall asleep
Wake after Asleep onset
the amount of awake time between initial sleep onset and final awakening
Sleep Efficiency
ratio of actual time spent asleep to time spent in bed
Sleep Architecture
+ amount and distribution of specific sleep stages
+ measures the amount of REM sleep and each NREM sleep stage, relative amount of REM sleep and NREM sleep stages, and latency between sleep onset and the first REM period
What are the different sleeping disorders?
- Insomnia
- Hypersomnolence Disorder
- Narcolepsy
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea
- Central Sleep Apnea
- Sleep-Related Hypoventilation
- Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders
- Non-REM Sleep Arousal Disorders
- Nightmare Disorder
- REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
- Restless Legs Disorder
Insomnia
+ difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep
+ early-morning awakening with inability to return to sleep
+ situational, persistent, or recurrent, episodic
How long should the symptoms of insomnia be before diagnosis?
at least 3 nights/week, for at least 3 months
Rebound Insomnia
sleep problems re-appearing, but sometimes worst
Hypersomnolence Disorder
+ excessive sleepiness despite having at least 7 hours of main sleep
+ recurrent periods of sleep or lapses into sleep within the same day
+ take longer naps, have trouble waking from naps, and do not feel alert afterward
How long should the symptoms of hypersomnolence disorder be before diagnosis?
at least 3x/week, for at least 3 months
Narcolepsy
recurrent episodes of irrepressible need to sleep, lapsing into sleep, or napping with cataplexy, hypocretin deficiency, and evidence from polysomnography showing REM sleep latency less than or equal to 15 mins
How long should the symptoms of narcolepsy be before diagnosis?
3x/week, for at least 3 months
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea
at least 4 obstructive apneas or hypopneas per hour of sleep or evidence from polysomnography of 15 or more obstructive apneas and/or hypopneas per hour of sleep
Apnea
absence of airflow
Hypopnea
reduction in airflow
Sleep-Related Hypoventilation
Polysomnography demonstrates episodes of decreased respiration associated with elevated CO2 levels
Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders
persistent or recurrent pattern of sleep disruption due to alteration of the circadian system or misalignment between the endogenous circadian rhythm
What does Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders lead to?
leads to excessive sleepiness or insomnia, or both
Non-REM Sleep Arousal Disorders
+ incomplete awakening from sleep: sleepwalking or sleep terrors
+ cannot remember anything when they woke up
+ produce rapid and complete awakening without confusion, amnesia, or motor activity
When does Non-REM Sleep Arousal Disorders usually occur?
occur mostly in childhood and non-rem sleeps
Nightmare Disorder
repeated occurrences of extended, extremely dysphoric, and well remembered dreams that usually involve efforts to avoid threats to survival, security, or physical integrity
What happens to an individual with nightmare disorder when they wake up?
upon awakening, they become oriented and alert
Who are the children/individuals who are most likely to experience nightmare disorder?
appear in children exposed to acute or chronic psychosocial stressors
When does nightmare disorder usually occur?
occur during REM Sleep
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
repeated episodes of arousal during sleep associated with vocalization and/or complex motor behaviors
When does REM Sleep Behavior Disorder usually occur?
during REM sleep
What happens to an individual with REM Sleep Behavior Disorder when they wake up?
upon awakening, the individual is completely awake, alert, and not confused
Restless Legs Disorder
urge to move the legs, usually accompanied or in response to uncomfortable and unpleasant sensations of the legs
When does restless legs disorder usually occur?
during rests
What do individuals with restless legs disorder feel during the movement?
sense of relief during the movement
When is restless legs disorder the most uncomfortable?
worse in evening
How long should the symptoms of restless legs disorder be before diagnosis?
3x/week, for at least 3 months
