Module 26: Neurodevelopmental Disorders Flashcards
What are the different neurodevelopmental disorders?
- Intellectual Developmental Disorder
- Global Developmental Delay
- Language Disorder
- Speech Sound Disorder
- Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (stuttering)
- Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder
- Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
- Specific Learning Disorder
- Developmental Coordination Disorder
- Stereotypic Movement Disorder
- Tic Disorders
Intellectual Developmental Disorder
+ includes both intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits in conceptual, social, and practical domains
+ difficulties with day-to-day activities to an extent that reflects both severity of their cognitive deficits and the type and amount of assistance their receive
+ difficulties in conceptual, social, and judgement
+ generally nonprogressive, there are period of worsening, then stabilization, and in others progressive of intellectual function in varying degrees
What are the possible causes of Intellectual Developmental Disorder?
causes: deprivation, abuse, neglect, exposure to disease or drugs during prenatal, difficulties during labor and delivery, infections, and head injury
How long does Intellectual Developmental Disorder last?
lifelong
What disorders are comorbid with neurodevelopmental disorders?
most common co-occurring neurodevelopmental and other mental disorders are ADHD, Depressive and Bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, ASD, stereotypic movement disorder, impulse-control disorders, and major neurocog. disorders
Components of Intellectual Functioning
- Verbal Comprehension
- Working Memory
- Perceptual Reasoning
- Quantitative Reasoning
- Abstract Thought
- Cognitive Efficacy
DSM-IV Criteria Intellectual Disability Severity
- IQ 50-69 Mild – can live independently;
intermittent support needed - IQ 36-64 Moderate – moderate levels of support; limited support needed in daily situations
- IQ 20-35 Severe – requires daily assistance; extensive support needed
- IQ <20 Profound – requires 24-hour care; pervasive support needed for every aspect; often have congenital syndrome
What does it mean when someone’s IQ is 50-69?
Mild – can live independently;
intermittent support needed
What does it mean when someone’s IQ is 36-64?
Moderate – moderate levels of support;
limited support needed in daily situations
What does it mean when someone’s IQ is 20-35?
Severe – requires daily assistance; extensive support needed
What does it mean when someone’s IQ is <20?
Profound – requires 24-hour care; pervasive support needed for every aspect; often have congenital syndrome
Global Developmental Delay
for children under 5 years old when they fail to meet expected developmental milestone in several areas of functioning
Language Disorder
+ difficulties in acquisition and use of language modalities due to DEFICITS in comprehension and production
+ reduced vocab, limited sentence structure, impairments in discourse
+ can be adept at accommodating to their limited language
+ shy or reticent to talk
What factors must be considered before an individual is diagnosed with language disorder?
regional, social, or cultural/ethnic variations must be considered when an individual is being assessed - declines in critical social communication behavior
What disorder should not be confused with learning disorder and what are the differences between the two?
declines in critical social communication behavior during the first two years of life are evident in most children with ASD, thus, it must be not confused with LD
What is learning disorder associated with?
associated with SLD, IDD, ADHD, ASD, and DCD
Speech Sound Disorder
+ difficulty in speech sound production
+ continuous use of immature phonological simplification processes when the child has already passed the age wherein most of them can now produce words clearly
What is true about children mastering speech sound production?
children’s progression in mastering speech sound production should result in most intelligible speech by 3 years old
