module 8- fatty acid degradation Flashcards
T or F: Fatty acids generate more ATP than glucose
T
B oxidation
long fatty acid chains are degraded to acetyl CoA which can directly enter the CAC
cis bonds reduces what?
kink in chain
18:1(Δ9)cis-9-octadecenoic acid - how many carbons, how many double bonds, where is double bond located?
18 carbons, 1 double bond, double bond is on carbon 9
what side do you start counting carbons from?
right to left
how & where are fatty acids stored?
stored as triacylglycerols in adipose tissue
what is triaclyglycerols composed of
glycerol backbone with 3 fatty acids attached via ester bonds
in order for fatty acids to be used by other organs, they have to be cleaved off triacylglycerols using what enzyme?
lipase
what 2 molecules are produced during B-oxidation?
NADH & FADH2
the final round of B-oxidation releases ( ) acetyl CoA
2
each cycle of palmitate oxidation produces ( ) rounds of B-oxidation
7
how many ATP are produced after oxidation of palmitate?
106
what does each cycle of palmitate oxidation produce?
1 NADH & 1 FADH2
net production of ATP of one 16 carbon fatty acid
106 ATP
what hormones inhibit acetyl CoA carboxylase
epinephrine & glucagon
what is the regulatory enzyme of FA degradation
acetyl CoA carboxylase
how are epinephrine & glucagon regulated?
reciprocally
high levels of malonyl CoA = FA synthesis is ( ) = ( ) in FA transport to mitochondria = ( ) B-oxidation
stimulated, decrease, decrease
do unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds?
yes
what enzyme saturates unsaturated fatty acid
reductase
what enzyme converts cis to trans double bonds?
isomerase
what is produced during last round of B-oxidation
1 acetyl CoA & 1 propionyl CoA
are ketone bodies water soluble or water insoluble?
soluble
what 2 organs use ketone bodies over glucose
heart & kidneys
concentrations of ketone bodies are ( ) in the blood but can ( ) during starvation
low, increase
3 types of ketone bodies
acetoacetate, acetone, 3-hydroxybutyrate
what 2 ketone bodies are metabolized to acetyl CoA to enter the citric acid cycle
acetoacetate & 3-hydroxybutyrate
what ketone body has regulatory role in fatty acid metabolism
acetoacetate
excessive ketone bodies is during type ( ) diabetes
1
ketoacidosis is caused by type ( ) diabetes
2
ketoacidosis
high levels of ketone bodies = lowers pH = acetone breath
what pH does the body need to be maintained at?
7.4
