module 8- fatty acid degradation

Question 1

T or F: Fatty acids generate more ATP than glucose

Answer 1

T

Question 2

B oxidation

Answer 2

long fatty acid chains are degraded to acetyl CoA which can directly enter the CAC

Question 3

cis bonds reduces what?

Answer 3

kink in chain

Question 4

18:1(Δ9)cis-9-octadecenoic acid - how many carbons, how many double bonds, where is double bond located?

Answer 4

18 carbons, 1 double bond, double bond is on carbon 9

Question 5

what side do you start counting carbons from?

Answer 5

right to left

Question 6

how & where are fatty acids stored?

Answer 6

stored as triacylglycerols in adipose tissue

Question 7

what is triaclyglycerols composed of

Answer 7

glycerol backbone with 3 fatty acids attached via ester bonds

Question 8

in order for fatty acids to be used by other organs, they have to be cleaved off triacylglycerols using what enzyme?

Answer 8

lipase

Question 9

what 2 molecules are produced during B-oxidation?

Answer 9

NADH & FADH2

Question 10

the final round of B-oxidation releases ( ) acetyl CoA

Answer 10

2

Question 11

each cycle of palmitate oxidation produces ( ) rounds of B-oxidation

Answer 11

7

Question 12

how many ATP are produced after oxidation of palmitate?

Answer 12

106

Question 13

what does each cycle of palmitate oxidation produce?

Answer 13

1 NADH & 1 FADH2

Question 14

net production of ATP of one 16 carbon fatty acid

Answer 14

106 ATP

Question 15

what hormones inhibit acetyl CoA carboxylase

Answer 15

epinephrine & glucagon

Question 16

what is the regulatory enzyme of FA degradation

Answer 16

acetyl CoA carboxylase

Question 17

how are epinephrine & glucagon regulated?

Answer 17

reciprocally

Question 18

high levels of malonyl CoA = FA synthesis is ( ) = ( ) in FA transport to mitochondria = ( ) B-oxidation

Answer 18

stimulated, decrease, decrease

Question 19

do unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds?

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

what enzyme saturates unsaturated fatty acid

Answer 20

reductase

Question 21

what enzyme converts cis to trans double bonds?

Answer 21

isomerase

Question 22

what is produced during last round of B-oxidation

Answer 22

1 acetyl CoA & 1 propionyl CoA

Question 23

are ketone bodies water soluble or water insoluble?

Answer 23

soluble

Question 24

what 2 organs use ketone bodies over glucose

Answer 24

heart & kidneys

Question 25

concentrations of ketone bodies are ( ) in the blood but can ( ) during starvation

Answer 25

low, increase

Question 26

3 types of ketone bodies

Answer 26

acetoacetate, acetone, 3-hydroxybutyrate

Question 27

what 2 ketone bodies are metabolized to acetyl CoA to enter the citric acid cycle

Answer 27

acetoacetate & 3-hydroxybutyrate

Question 28

what ketone body has regulatory role in fatty acid metabolism

Answer 28

acetoacetate

Question 29

excessive ketone bodies is during type ( ) diabetes

Answer 29

1

Question 30

ketoacidosis is caused by type ( ) diabetes

Answer 30

2

Question 31

ketoacidosis

Answer 31

high levels of ketone bodies = lowers pH = acetone breath

Question 32

what pH does the body need to be maintained at?

Answer 32

7.4