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BMSC 230 #2 > module 10- lipid synthesis > Flashcards

module 10- lipid synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

what is a precursor of storage lipids & membrane lipids

A

phosphatidate

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2
Q

how many stages is cholesterol synthesized from acetyl CoA in?

A

4

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3
Q

T or F: cholesterol synthesis is tightly regulated at several levels

A

T

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4
Q

what is a precursor of steroid hormones?

A

cholesterol

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5
Q

triacylglycerol vs phospholipid structure

A

T- 3 FA linked to glycerol backbone

P- 2 FA & 1 phosphate group linked to glycerol backbone

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6
Q

what is a common precursor for lipids

A

glycerol 3-P

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7
Q

how can glycerol 3-P derived

A

adipose tissue or DHAP

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8
Q

where does TAG vs phospholipid synthesis occur

A

TAG- liver & adipose tissue
P- all cells bc they are major component of membranes

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9
Q

phosphatidate

A

TAG & phospholipid precursor

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10
Q

triacylglycerol synthetase complex

A

ER membrane, catalyzes triacylglycerol synthesis from phosphatidate

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11
Q

T or F: CoA derivative of FA serves as activated substrate

A

T

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12
Q

where does triacylglycerol synthesis get used?

A

muscle or adipose tissue

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13
Q

phospholipids are ( ) molecules

A

amphiphilic- have both polar & non-polar region

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14
Q

where does phospholipid synthesis occur

A

ER

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15
Q

what must be linked to the phosphatidate for phospholipid synthesis

A

alcohol

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16
Q

how is CDP activated in yeast/bacteria?

A

linking diaclyglycerol to a CDP molecule

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17
Q

how is CDP activated in mammals?

A

alcohol is activated by linking it to CDP

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18
Q

what is the most abundant phospholipid

A

phsophotidylcholine

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19
Q

SAM

A

methyl donor for phospotidylcholine synthesis if choline is low

20
Q

why is cholesterol important? (2)

A

1) critical component of cell membranes that ensures it has proper fluidity
2) precursor for steroid hormones- estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, cortisol, bile salts, vitaminD

21
Q

T or F: all 27 carbons in cholesterol are derived from acetyl CoA

A

T

22
Q

where does cholesterol synthesis occur?

A

cytosol & ER

23
Q

2 characteristics of cholesterol

A

non-polar & insoluble in water

24
Q

what does the 1st stage of cholesterol synthesis produce

A

mevalonate from 3 acetyl CoA

25
Q

HMG-CoA reductase

A

regulation enzyme in cholesterol synthesis

26
Q

what is the primary factor which regulates cholesterol synthesis?

A

intracellular concentration of cholesterol- regulates transcription gene coding doe HMG-CoA reductase

27
Q

what is HMG-CoA reductase inhibited by?

A

high cholesterol levels

28
Q

high cholesterol concentrations ( ) degradation rate

A

speed up

29
Q

cholesterol synthesis is ( ) when energy state of the cell is low

A

slowed

30
Q

how does “statin” work

A

act as competitive inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase

31
Q

lovastatin has portion that resembles ( )

A

mevalonate

32
Q

lipoproteins

A

carry non-polar lipids throughout the cell

33
Q

where are chylomicrons formed

A

small intestine

34
Q

where do chylomicrons carry lipids to

A

adipose tissue & liver

35
Q

TAG & cholesterol is packed into what kind of lipoproteins? what occurs?

A

VLDLs, get hydrolyzed & releases free FA acids

36
Q

what lipoprotein type is main transport vehicle for cholesterol

A

LDLs

37
Q

T or F: there is very free cholesterol on LDLs

A

T

38
Q

what type of cells do LDL deliver to?

A

peripheral cells

39
Q

familial hypercholesterolemia

A

genetic, high LDL = heart disease risk

40
Q

HDL role

A

picks up excess cholesterol & brings back to liver

41
Q

mineralcorticoids

A

steroids that act on kidney to regulate blood pressure & salt balance

42
Q

glucocorticoids

A

regulate metabolic pathways & inhibit inflammation

43
Q

what does hydrolyzation & cleavage of steroid hormone side chains do?

A

increase hydrophilic nature = better transport in blood

44
Q

anabolic hormones are all based on the structure of ( )

A

testosterone

45
Q

2 different activities of testosterone

A

anabolic activity for lean muscle mass & androgenic activity for male development

46
Q

steroid design

A

enhance anabolic activity & reduce androgenic activity

BMSC 230 #2 (15 decks)

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