Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BMSC 230 #2 > module 2- glycolysis > Flashcards

module 2- glycolysis Flashcards

1
Q

where does metabolism occur in eukaryotic cells

A

cytosol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the inputs & outputs for glycolysis

A

1 glucose in, 2 pyruvate out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Is ATP consumed or produced during 1st stage of glycolysis? And how many ATP molecules?

A

consumed, 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

is ATP consumed or produced during 2nd stage of glycolysis? And how many ATP molecules?

A

produced, 4 ATP per molecule of glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Glycolysis generates a net of ( ) ATP per molecule of glucose

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

is glycolysis an anaerobic or aerobic process?

A

anaerobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

steps 1-4 are energy ( ) steps

A

consuming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

steps 5-10 are energy ( ) steps

A

producing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the regulatory enzyme of glycolysis

A

phosphofructokinase (PFK)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the regulatory reaction in glycolysis & what enzyme is involved?

A

fructose 6-P -> fructose 1,6-BP
enzyme: PFK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how does glucose enter the body?

A

in form of starch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what reaction is substrate level phosphorylation

A

PEP -> pyruvate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what enzyme is an allosteric activator of PFK in the liver?

A

fructose 2,6-BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the 3 fates of pyruvate?

A

1) acetaldehyde -> ethanol
2) lactate
3) acetyl CoA -> further oxidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which fate of pyruvate produces the most energy?

A

acetyl CoA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

fermentation is an (anaerobic/aerobic) process

A

anaerobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what enzyme converts pyruvate into acetaldehyde

A

pryuvate decarboxylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what enzyme converts pyruvate ->lactate

A

lactate dehydrogenase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

lactate lowers pH of muscle which inhibits what enzyme?

A

PFK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what enzyme converts pyruvate -> acetyl CoA

A

pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

net products of glycolysis

A

2 pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2H + 2 H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

are reversible or non-reversible steps in glycolysis regulated?

A

non-reversible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

T or F: galactose & fructose are both metabolized by glycolysis but enter pathway at different points

A

T

24
Q

fructose is a component of ( ) and galactose is a component of ( )

A

sucrose, lactose

25
Q

where does galactose enter glycolysis

A

at glucose 6-P

26
Q

lactose intolerant is due to ( ) in lactase

A

deficiency

27
Q

where does fructose enter glycolysis?

A

enters from the liver into DHAP or GAP

28
Q

T or F: excessive fructose consumption can lead to obesity, fatty liver & type 2 diabetes

A

T

29
Q

2 major roles of glycolysis

A

1) degrade glucose to generate ATP
2) provide building blocks for biosynthetic processes

30
Q

what 3 enzymes control the rate of glycolysis via the 3 irreversible reactions

A

1) hexokinase
2) PFK
3) pyruvate kinase

31
Q

why is glycolysis termed an anaerobic process?

A

b/c there is no requirement for oxygen

32
Q

T or F: PFK is controlled allosterically

A

T

33
Q

drop in muscle pH ( ) PFK & activates ( )

A

inhibits, ATP

34
Q

hezokinase catalyzes ( ) which ( ) hexokinase allosterically

A

glucose 6-P, inhibits

35
Q

pyruvate kinase is allosterically ( ) by ATP and ( ) by fructose 1,6-BP

A

inhibited, activated

36
Q

increase in fructose 1,6-BP =

A

increase in pyruvate kinase activity

37
Q

liver function

A

maintain glucose levels in the blood

38
Q

what is glucose stored as?

A

glycogen

39
Q

T or F: PFK regulation differs in muscle vs liver

A

T

40
Q

what is the inhibitor of PFK in the liver?

A

citrate

41
Q

high levels of citrate = metabolized glucose is ( )

A

slowed

42
Q

increase of glucose in blood = fructose 6-P ( )

A

increases

43
Q

what enzyme needs to be activated to handle increase in glucose in the blood?

A

PFK

44
Q

what is the allosteric activator of PFK?

A

fructose 2,6-P

45
Q

glycolysis is accelerated when glucose is ( )

A

abundant

46
Q

glycolysis uses what type of feedback system?

A

feedforward

47
Q

where is hexokinase regulated?

A

liver

48
Q

what is glucokinase & its role?

A

isoform of hexokinase, it phosphorylates glucose

49
Q

how does glucokinase differ from hexokinase (2)

A

1) glucokinase has 50 fold higher Km than hexokinase
2) glucokinase is not inhibited by its product (glucose 6-P)

50
Q

glucose 6-P is formed only when glucose is ( )

A

abundant (after a meal)

51
Q

what enzyme does glucose 6-P inhibit?

A

hexokinase

52
Q

increase in fructose 1,6-BP = ( ) in pyruvate kinase activity

A

increase

53
Q

decreased pH in the muscle ( ) PFK

A

inhibits

54
Q

what is hexokinase inhibited by in the muscle?

A

glucose 6-P

55
Q

what is pyruvate kinase inhibited by in the muscle? and what is it activated by?

A

ATP, fructose 1,6-BP

56
Q

what is PFK inhibited by in the liver? and what is it activated by?

A

citrate, fructose 2,6-BP

BMSC 230 #2 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions