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BMSC 230 #2 > Module 1- basics of metabolism > Flashcards

Module 1- basics of metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

metabolism definition

A

enzyme catalyzed chemical reactions that occur in a cell to obtain energy or synthesize biomolecules

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2
Q

catabolism

A

breakdown biomolecules to produce ATP

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3
Q

Anabolism

A

synthesis of biomolecules that require an input of energy

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4
Q

metabolism is the sum of..

A

anabolism & catabolism

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5
Q

intermediate definition

A

produced then consumed

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6
Q

phosphoryl-transfer potential definition

A

tendency of phosphorylated molecule to under go hydrolysis

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7
Q

what are the 4 functions of metabolism

A

1) obtain ATP
2) convert ingested molecules into larger molecules
3) convert small building blocks into larger molecules
4) synthesize & degrade biomolecules

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8
Q

what are amphibolic pathways

A

pathways that can function anabolically & catabolically

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9
Q

example of amphibolic pathway

A

citric acid cycle

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10
Q

3 types of metabolic pathways

A

linear, branched & circular

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11
Q

the 1st committed step (1st reaction) in a pathway is usually a…

A

point of regulation

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12
Q

phototrophs

A

use photosynthesis to convert sunlight into chemical form

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13
Q

chemotrophs

A

obtain energy in form of ATP via oxidation of carbon fuels

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14
Q

3 reasons why living organisms require a continual input of free energy

A

1) mechanical work
2) active transport
3) synthesis of biomolecules

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15
Q

T or F: enzymes speed up rate of reaction but do not change equilibrium constant & cannot make unfavourable reaction proceed

A

T

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16
Q

Spontaneous vs non-spontaneous reaction (G, exergonic/endergonic, energy input)

A

spontaneous -G is negative, exergonic, doesn’t require energy input

non-spontaneous- G is positive, endergonic, requires energy input

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17
Q

exergonic vs endergonic

A

exergonic- release energy
endergonic- consume energy

18
Q

what 2 things does ΔG determine?

A

1) if a reaction will occur spontaneously or not
2) rate at which reaction proceeds

19
Q

what is ΔG°’

A

standard free energy at pH 7

20
Q

what is ΔG°’ equation?

A

ΔG°’ = -2.3RT log Keq

21
Q

how are thermodynamically unfavourable processes possible?

A

coupling

22
Q

if Keq <1 then G will be…

A

positive value

23
Q

what type of high energy bonds do ATP have?

A

acid anhydride

24
Q

T or F: equilibriate extracellular & biomolecules of the cell is not a function of metabolism

A

T

25
Q

redox vs oxidation reactions

A

oxidation- loss of electrons (becomes more positive)
redox- gain of electrons (becomes more negative) - H is produced

26
Q

3 active carrier types

A

1) electrons for fuel oxidation
2) electrons for biosynthesis
3) two-carbon fragments

27
Q

T or F: ATP is an intermediate among biologically phosphorylated molecules

A

T

28
Q

what drives ATP synthesis?

A

transmembrane proton-motive force

29
Q

what occurs during hydrolysis reaction

A

cleaving of ATP which releases energy

30
Q

3 ways metabolism is regulated

A

1) amount of enzyme
2) enzyme activity
3) availability of substrates

31
Q

T or F: the oxidation of fuel molecules forms ATP from ADP + Pi

A

T

32
Q

ATP hydrolysis reaction

A

ATP -> ADP + Pi

33
Q

what is always the end point of oxidation

A

ATP

34
Q

4 factors that affect product/reactant stability

A

1) electrostatic repulsion
2) resonance stabilization
3) increase in entropy
4) stabilization from hydration

35
Q

is ATP hydrolysis exergonic or endogonic?

A

exergonic

36
Q

functional roles of ATP, NAD & FAD in metabolic processes

A

ATP- energy currency
FAD- carrier that allows FADH2 to be produced for ATP synthesis
NAD- carrier that allows NADH to be produced for oxidative phosphorylation

37
Q

how much ATP is consumed per day?

A

80kg

38
Q

how much ATP is consumed per minute during exercise

A

500g

39
Q

what are the 2 activated carriers for fuel oxidation?

A

NAD & FAD

40
Q

NADH is used for generation of ( ) while NADPH is used for ( )

A

ATP, biosynthesis

41
Q

NAD+ to NADH + H is a ( ) reaction

A

redox

BMSC 230 #2 (15 decks)

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