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BMSC 230 #2 > module 6- citric acid cycle > Flashcards

module 6- citric acid cycle Flashcards

1
Q

where does the citric acid cycle occur?

A

mitochondria

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2
Q

pyruvate must be transported into ( ) to be converted to ( ) so it can enter the citric acid cycle

A

mitochondria, acetyl CoA

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3
Q

the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex contains ( ) enzymes and ( ) cofactors

A

3 enzymes, 5 cofactors

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4
Q

how many of the 5 cofactors are derived from B vitamins?

A

4

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5
Q

what type of reaction does the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex form?

A

oxidation decarboxylation

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6
Q

what does oxidative reaction mean in terms of pyruvate?

A

pyruvate is oxidized and NAD is reduced to NADH which leads to ATP production

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7
Q

what does decarboxylation reaction mean in terms of pyruvate?

A

forms acetyl CoA

3 carbon molecule to 2 carbon molecule

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8
Q

what 2 pathways can acetyl CoA feed into?

A

citric acid cycle & fatty acid synthesis

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9
Q

what is the benefit of having 3 enzymes in close proximity together like in the pryuvate dehydrogenase complex?

A

reaction rate increases

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10
Q

what are the 2 ways the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is regulated by?

A

covalent modification- phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase & post translational modification

allosterically

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11
Q

what happens when pyruvate is dephosphorylated?

A

pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is reactivated

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12
Q

signal for need of more energy = (phosphorylation/dephosphorylation ) = ( ) production of acetyl CoA

A

dephosphorylation, increased

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13
Q

what type of health concern is produced when conversion of pyruvate -> acetyl CoA is reduced

A

cancer

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14
Q

warburg effect

A

The feature of tumors to metabolize glucose to lactate instead of pyruvate, even in the presence of sufficient oxygen

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15
Q

T or F: acetyl CoA enters CAC from other pathways not just pyruvate - why regulation is important

A

T

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16
Q

what are the products of the CAC

A

3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP, 1 CoA, 2 CO2, 2 H

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17
Q

what are the 2 main regulatory enzymes of the CAC?

A

isocitrate dehydrogenase & a-ketoglutarate

17
Q

how are the 2 regulatory enzymes regulated?

A

allosterically

18
Q

T or F: CAC occurs only under aerobic conditions but there is no O2 requirement

A

T

19
Q

what is the rate of acetyl CoA from pyruvate controlled by?

A

level of pyruvate dehydrogenase

20
Q

what is the major goal of the CAC

A

oxidize acetyl CoA for ATP generation - produce energy

21
Q

NADH & ATP reflect (high/low) energy state & (inhibits/activates) isocitrate dehydrogenase

A

high, inhibits

22
Q

ADP reflects (high/low) energy state & (inhibits/activates) isocitrate dehydrogenase

A

low, activates

23
Q

what 3 things is a-ketaglutarate dehydrogenase is inhibited by?

A

ATP, NADH & succinyl CoA

24
Q

isocitrate dehydrogenase inhibited = levels of citrate ( ) = ( ) PFK

A

increase, inhibit

25
Q

increase in a-ketoglutarate occurs when a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase is ( )

A

inhibited

26
Q

T or F: CAC provides intermediates for biosynthesis of other biomolecules

A

T

27
Q

Anapldrotic reactions

A

reactions that replenish intermediates of CAC

28
Q

what reaction in the CAC is an anapldrotic reaction? what enzyme catalyzes this?

A

pyruvate -> oxaloacetate
enzyme: pyruvate decarboxylase

29
Q

glyoxylate cycle

A

allows plants to synthesize glucose & carbs from fat- mammals can’t do this

30
Q

high energy electrons are usually captured in the form of which molecules?

A

NADH & FADH2

31
Q

how many CO2 molecules are produced during 1 round of CAC

A

2

32
Q

how many ATP do NADH generates & how many does FADH2 generate?

A

NADH- 2.5 ATP
FADH2- 1.5 ATP

33
Q

how many ATP are generated after 1 round of the CAC?

A

10 ATP

34
Q

T or F: in the absence of O2, NAD & FAD can be regenerated

A

F, they cannot be without O2

35
Q

how does the glyoxylate cycle differ from the CAC?

A

2 acetyl CoA enter instead of 1

36
Q

what 2 enzymes are in glyoxylate cycle but not CAC?

A

isocitrate lyase & malate synthase

37
Q

ATP, NADH & succinyl CoA ( ) a-ketoglutarate

A

inhibit

38
Q

increase in citrate ( ) isocitrate dehydrogenase = ( ) PFK

A

inhibits, inhibits

39
Q
A

BMSC 230 #2 (15 decks)

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