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BMSC 230 #2 > module 7- oxidative phosphorylation > Flashcards

module 7- oxidative phosphorylation Flashcards

1
Q

where does oxidative phosphorylation take place?

A

mitochondria

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2
Q

where does the generation of NADH & FADH2 occur?

A

mitochondrial matrix

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3
Q

where are electrons carriers located?

A

inner mitochondrial membrane

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4
Q

is the inner or outer membrane permeable to most small molecules?

A

outer

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5
Q

how does ATP get across inner membrane?

A

using transporters or shuttles

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6
Q

what does redox potential measure?

A

measures molecules tendency to donate or accept electrons

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7
Q

NADH is a strong ( ) agent and readily ( ) electrons & has ( ) E0

A

reducing, donates, negative

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8
Q

O2 is a strong ( ) agent and readily ( ) electrons & has ( ) E0

A

oxidizing, accepts, positive

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9
Q

oxidative phosphorylation depends on…

A

electron transfer

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10
Q

standard free energy change related to reduction potential reaction

A

ΔG°’ = -nFΔE0’

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11
Q

T or F: transfer of high energy electrons from NADH or FADH2 to O2 generates lots of energy

A

T

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12
Q

what is the final electron acceptor in the respiratory chain?

A

O2

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13
Q

what are the 2 products formed in the electron transport chain?

A

H2O & ATP

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14
Q

How many protons are required to synthesize one ATP molecule by oxidative phosphorylation?

A

3

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15
Q

what are 2 ROS molecules produced during electron transport

A

peroxide & superoxide

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16
Q

T or F: NADH & FADH2 cannot flow directly to O2, so they go through intermediate carriers

A

T

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17
Q

what is the electron transport chain & what happens

A

series of redox reactions where carriers become reduced by accepting electrons & then become oxidized as it passes electrons to next carrier

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18
Q

electrons flow to carriers with ( ) affinity for electrons

A

higher

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19
Q

what is the 1st electron transfer in the electron transport chain? and what does it produce?

A

NADH -> FMN, produces a proton gradient

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20
Q

how do electrons flow from NADH to O2?

A

through 3 complexes

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21
Q

how is FADH2 generated in the electron transport chain?

A

succinate q-reductase complex

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22
Q

T or F: iron is present in all complexes of electron transport chain

A

T

23
Q

what are the 3 forms iron is present in?

A

1) Fe2+ - ferrous
2) Fe3+ - ferric
3) iron-sulfur

24
Q

what are superoxide ions & how are they dangerous?

A

reduced O2 that interacts with DNA & causes damaged caused by ROS

25
Q

what is ROS

A

reactive oxygen species

26
Q

what 2 enzymes are used as defense against ROS?

A

superoxide mutase & catalase

27
Q

what powers the synthesis of ATP

A

proton gradient

28
Q

intermembrane space as ( ) concentrations & matrix has ( ) concentrations

A

high, low

29
Q

chemiosmotic hypothesis

A

describes how ATP is produced via ATP synthase

30
Q

proton motive force

A

force / energy used to synthesize ATP

31
Q

ATP synthase is hypothesized to use a “binding change mechanism” which describes:

A

how the rotation of the γ-subunit of ATP synthase changes the conformation of the β-subunits, which facilitates ATP synthesis.

32
Q

F0 vs F1

A

F0: embedded in inner mitochondrial membrane & contains proton channel

F1: catalytic activity

33
Q

ATP synthase contains ( ) B subunits which each contains ( ) active site

A

3, 1

34
Q

2,4-dinitrophenol increases metabolism by ( ) %

A

50%

35
Q

what does 2,4-dinitrophenol act as?

A

protonphore

36
Q

what is a protonphore?

A

molecule that inserts itself into inner mitochondrial membrane & allows protons to flow through it instead of through ATP synthase

37
Q

how many ATP are produced from every NADH & FADH2 that enter electron transport chain

A

NADH- 2.5
FADH2-1.5

38
Q

what is the net yield of ATP per glucose molecule oxidized & how many come from oxidative phosphorylation?

A

30 per glucose, 26 from oxidative phosphorylation

39
Q

cellular respiration is ( ) when ADP levels are high = ( ) synthesis

A

high, ATP

40
Q

( ) levels of ADP stimulate pyruvate dehydrogenase & isocitrate dehydrogenase

A

high

41
Q

T or F: electrons do not flow through the electron transport chain to O2 unless there is a need for ATP synthesis

A

T

42
Q

need for ATP synthesis when ADP levels are ( )

A

high

43
Q

what are cytochromes

A

proteins that contain a heme & function in electron transfer

44
Q

electrochemical gradient reflects what?

A

difference in solute concentration & charge across a membrane

45
Q

what are the 3 conformations of B subunits?

A

O (open), L (loose), T (tight)

46
Q

what does O conformation bind to?

A

ATP & adenine

47
Q

what does L conformation bind to?

A

ADP & Pi

48
Q

what does the T conformation convert?

A

converts ADP & Pi to ATP

49
Q

glycerol 3-P shuttle function

A

NADH passes electrons to DHAP which becomes reduced to glycerol 3-P & allows entrance into intermediate space

50
Q

malate-aspartate shuttle function

A

malate is oxidized to oxaloacetate & producs NADH which can enter electron transport chain

51
Q

function of ATP-ADP translocase-brings ATP from where to where

A

brings ATP from mitochondrial matrix to cytosol & ADP from cytosol to mitochondrial membrane

52
Q

what % of energy generated by electron transfer in respiratory chain is used to drive ATP-ADP exchange?

A

25%

53
Q
A

BMSC 230 #2 (15 decks)

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