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Medical Terminology & Anatomy & Physiology > Module 7: Urinary System > Flashcards

Module 7: Urinary System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

the process whereby renal tubules return material necessary to the body back into the bloodstream is

A

reabsorption

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2
Q

calic/o

A

calyx

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3
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus

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4
Q

trigon/o

A

trigone

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5
Q

the major function of the urinary system is to

A

secrete nitrogenous waste

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6
Q

the term for expelling urine from the urethra is

A

voiding

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7
Q

the renal hormone that stimulates red blood cell production is

A

erythropoietin

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8
Q

the depression on the medial border of the kidney through which nerves and blood vessels pass is called the

A

hilum

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9
Q

what is the structure that carries blood to the kidney?

A

renal artery

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10
Q

which structure is the central collecting region in the kidney?

A

renal pelvis

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11
Q

what is the sac that holds urine called

A

urinary bladder

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12
Q

the small, cup shaped region that collects urine is called

A

calyx

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13
Q

which structure is a tiny ball of capillaries?

A

glomerulus

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14
Q

which structure carries blood away from the kidney?

A

renal vein

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15
Q

the tube leading from each kidney to the bladder is called a

A

ureter

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16
Q

during filtration, blood pressure forces materials through _____, which act as filters

A

glomeruli

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17
Q

a chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water is an

A

electrolyte

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18
Q

a term for the hormone secreted by the kidney that raises blood pressure is

A

renin

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19
Q

what is the name if the functional unit of the kidney?

A

nephron

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20
Q

a nitrogenous waste excreted in urine is

A

urea

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21
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

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22
Q

pus in urine is called

A

pyuria

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23
Q

the retention of urea and nitrogen in the blood is called

A

uremia

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24
Q

the abnormal condition of the kidney characterized by marked proteinuria and edema (swelling) is called

A

nephrotic syndrome

25
Q

the urine test that reflects the amount of wastes, minerals and solids in the urine is called

A

specific gravity

26
Q

the pH of normal urine is

A

slightly acidic

27
Q

______ is an indication that the body is burning fat for energy

A

ketonuria

28
Q

inflammation of the connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules is called

A

interstitial nephritis

29
Q

kidney stones are also known as renal calculi

A

true

30
Q

inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma is called

A

pyelonephritis

31
Q

a malignant tumour of the kidney that occurs in childhood is

A

wilms tumor

32
Q

this condition occurs when too little insulin is secreted or insulin cannot be used properly by the body

A

diabetes mellitus

33
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

34
Q

what does kidney ureters and bladder (KUD) do?

A

x-ray series that demonstrates the size and location of the kidneys

35
Q

the test that measures the ability of the kidney to remove creatinine from the blood is called

A

creatinine clearance

36
Q

which technique removes impurities (wastes) from the bloodstream because the kidneys are no longer able to do so?

A

dialysis

37
Q

radiographic examination with contrast agent of the blood vessels of the kidney is called

A

renal angiography

38
Q

which is the diagnostic procedure that involves the introduction of a hollow metal tube into the urinary meatus and up unto the bladder?

A

cystoscopy

39
Q

the diagnostic imaging procedure for the kidney that is enhanced by the injection go radioactive substance into the bloodstream is

A

a radioisotope scan

40
Q

retrograde pyelogram (RP)

A

x-ray imaging of the renal pelvis and ureters after contrast material is injected through a catheter into the ureters from the bladder

41
Q

CAPD stands for

A

continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

42
Q

magnetic resonance imaging

A

a cylinder-shaped machine produces an image using a changing magnetic field to capture the movement of protons within the body

43
Q

what medical term means the process of crushing stones?

A

lithotripsy

44
Q

what surgical procedure is performed to open narrowed areas in renal arteries?

A

renal angioplasty

45
Q

creatinine clearance is used to stage the extent of what disease?

A

chronic kidney disease

46
Q

why would the surgeon create an arteriovenous fistula?

A

to aid hemodialysis

47
Q

meat/o

A

meatus

48
Q

-tripsy

A

to crush

49
Q

an acute reaction to certain drugs that leads to poor renal function, fever and rash accompanied by eosinophils in the urine is called

A

interstitial nephritis

50
Q

the inner region of the kidney is called the

A

medulla

51
Q

the ______ is the microscopic tube where urine is formed

A

renal tubule

52
Q

the ______ is the cup-shaped capsule surrounding the glomeruli

A

bowman’s capsule

53
Q

when the kidney fails to excrete urine _____ has occurred

A

renal failure

54
Q

high blood pressure resulting from kidney disease is called

A

renal hypertension

55
Q

diabetes insipidus occurs when ____ is inadequately produced or improperly used in the body

A

antidiuretic hormone

56
Q

one of the substances tested for in urinalysis is the hemoglobin pigment called ______

A

bilirubin

57
Q

excessive blood acidity due to dangerous levels of blood ketones is called

A

ketoacidosis

58
Q

what laboratory value is used to stage chronic kidney disease?

A

creatinine clearance

Medical Terminology & Anatomy & Physiology (22 decks)

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