Module 7: Urinary System Flashcards
the process whereby renal tubules return material necessary to the body back into the bloodstream is
reabsorption
calic/o
calyx
glomerul/o
glomerulus
trigon/o
trigone
the major function of the urinary system is to
secrete nitrogenous waste
the term for expelling urine from the urethra is
voiding
the renal hormone that stimulates red blood cell production is
erythropoietin
the depression on the medial border of the kidney through which nerves and blood vessels pass is called the
hilum
what is the structure that carries blood to the kidney?
renal artery
which structure is the central collecting region in the kidney?
renal pelvis
what is the sac that holds urine called
urinary bladder
the small, cup shaped region that collects urine is called
calyx
which structure is a tiny ball of capillaries?
glomerulus
which structure carries blood away from the kidney?
renal vein
the tube leading from each kidney to the bladder is called a
ureter
during filtration, blood pressure forces materials through _____, which act as filters
glomeruli
a chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water is an
electrolyte
a term for the hormone secreted by the kidney that raises blood pressure is
renin
what is the name if the functional unit of the kidney?
nephron
a nitrogenous waste excreted in urine is
urea
nephr/o
kidney
pus in urine is called
pyuria
the retention of urea and nitrogen in the blood is called
uremia
the abnormal condition of the kidney characterized by marked proteinuria and edema (swelling) is called
nephrotic syndrome
the urine test that reflects the amount of wastes, minerals and solids in the urine is called
specific gravity
the pH of normal urine is
slightly acidic
______ is an indication that the body is burning fat for energy
ketonuria
inflammation of the connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules is called
interstitial nephritis
kidney stones are also known as renal calculi
true
inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma is called
pyelonephritis
a malignant tumour of the kidney that occurs in childhood is
wilms tumor
this condition occurs when too little insulin is secreted or insulin cannot be used properly by the body
diabetes mellitus
pyel/o
renal pelvis
what does kidney ureters and bladder (KUD) do?
x-ray series that demonstrates the size and location of the kidneys
the test that measures the ability of the kidney to remove creatinine from the blood is called
creatinine clearance
which technique removes impurities (wastes) from the bloodstream because the kidneys are no longer able to do so?
dialysis
radiographic examination with contrast agent of the blood vessels of the kidney is called
renal angiography
which is the diagnostic procedure that involves the introduction of a hollow metal tube into the urinary meatus and up unto the bladder?
cystoscopy
the diagnostic imaging procedure for the kidney that is enhanced by the injection go radioactive substance into the bloodstream is
a radioisotope scan
retrograde pyelogram (RP)
x-ray imaging of the renal pelvis and ureters after contrast material is injected through a catheter into the ureters from the bladder
CAPD stands for
continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
magnetic resonance imaging
a cylinder-shaped machine produces an image using a changing magnetic field to capture the movement of protons within the body
what medical term means the process of crushing stones?
lithotripsy
what surgical procedure is performed to open narrowed areas in renal arteries?
renal angioplasty
creatinine clearance is used to stage the extent of what disease?
chronic kidney disease
why would the surgeon create an arteriovenous fistula?
to aid hemodialysis
meat/o
meatus
-tripsy
to crush
an acute reaction to certain drugs that leads to poor renal function, fever and rash accompanied by eosinophils in the urine is called
interstitial nephritis
the inner region of the kidney is called the
medulla
the ______ is the microscopic tube where urine is formed
renal tubule
the ______ is the cup-shaped capsule surrounding the glomeruli
bowman’s capsule
when the kidney fails to excrete urine _____ has occurred
renal failure
high blood pressure resulting from kidney disease is called
renal hypertension
diabetes insipidus occurs when ____ is inadequately produced or improperly used in the body
antidiuretic hormone
one of the substances tested for in urinalysis is the hemoglobin pigment called ______
bilirubin
excessive blood acidity due to dangerous levels of blood ketones is called
ketoacidosis
what laboratory value is used to stage chronic kidney disease?
creatinine clearance
