Module 14: Lymphatic and Immune Systems Flashcards
antigens
substances capable of inducing an immune response
the ability of the body to resist foreign microorganisms such as bacteria, parasites, and viruses
immunity
a lymphocyte that originates in the bone marrow and secretes antibodies is
B cell
adaptive immunity
formation of antibodies and lymphocytes after exposure to an antigen
vaccination
introduction of a modified toxin to produce an immune response and protection against disease
genetic ability to fight off disease
natural immunity
antibodies
proteins that destroy antigens
axillary nodes
collection of stationary lymph tissue in the armpits
thoracic duct
large lymphatic vessel that receives lymph from the lower portion of the body and from the left side of the body above the diaphragm
adenoids
masses of lymph tissue in the nasopharynx
interstitial fluid
spaces between the cells
inguinal nodes
collection of stationary lymph tissue in the groin region
lymph capillaries
the tinniest lymphatic vessels
right lymphatic duct
the vessel that drains lymph from the upper right part of the body
dendritic cells
antigen-presenting cells that show T and B cells what to attack
T cells
lymphocytes that act directly on antigens to destroy them or produce chemicals toxic to them
suppressor T cells
T cells that serve a regulatory function for specific immune response by stopping the immune response when an antigen has been destroyed
interferon and interleukins are examples of
cytokines
a ________ is a large phagocyte found in lymph nodes and other tissues of the body
macrophage
multiple myeloma
a malignant tumour of bone marrow cells associated with high levels of one of the immunoglobulins, usually IgG
the medical term for hay fever
allergic rhinitis
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS
a retroviral disease caused by infection with HIV, its manifestation is associated with suppression of the immune system
anaphylaxis
is an exaggerated, life-threatening hypersensitivity to a foreign protein or other substance
Hodgkin disease
a malignant tumour of lymph tissue in the spleen and lymph nodes
opportunistic infection
disease caused by lower body resistance, which allows infection by bacteria and parasites that are normally easily contained
kaposi sarcoma
malignant condition associated with AIDS that arises from the lining in capillaries it appears as dark purplish skin lesions
atopic
a person who is prone to allergies
-edema
swelling
what do cryptococcal infection, cytomegalovirus infection, histoplasmosis and pneumocystis have in common?
they are AIDS related opportunistic infections
HIV binds to ______ and infects and kills T cells bearing this protein
CD4 cells
waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
tumor of malignant B cells that produce too much IgM
non-hodgkin lymphoma
a group of malignant tumours involving lymphoid tissue
allergen
a substance capable of causing a specific hypersensitivity reaction in the body
hypersensitivity
a general term for the condition of having excessive reactions to allergens
atopic dermatitis
an inflammatory skin reaction due to sensitivity to an environmental allergen
a term that describes any of a group of diseases caused by a defect in the immune system, characterized by susceptibility to infection and chronic disease is ______
immunodeficiency
when the tolerance of self-antigens fails, immune cells react against normal cells, resulting in carious pathologic conditions called ______
autoimmune diseases
cryptosporidosis
parasitic infection of the gastrointestinal tract
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA
test to screen blood for antibodies to the AIDS virus
immunoelectrophoresis
test that detects and differentiates abnormal levels of specific antibodies
protease inhibitors
drugs that treat AIDS by blocking the production of the enzyme that creates new viral pieces of HIV
two viral load tests that measure the amount of AIDS virus in the bloodstream are ____ and ____
PCR and NASBA
diagnosis of _______ is often made by identifying the Reed Sternberg cell in the lymph nodes
hodgkin disease
immunotherapy
the use of immune cells, antibodies, or vaccines to treat disease
monoclonal antibodies
treatment that consists of lab-produced antibodies linked to a specific toxin being delivered directly to the tumor cells
what is a treatment for AIDS?
bone marrow transplant
what test measures the number of helper T cells in the bloodstream of patient with AIDS?
CD4 lymphocyte count
what test measures the amount of AIDS virus in the bloodstream?
viral load test
the CART therapy test treats which disease?
cancer
the ability of lymphocytes to recognize and accept the body’s own antigens as not foreign is called
tolerance
the organ near the stomach that produces, stores, and eliminates blood cells is the
spleen
cytokines
chemical messengers secreted by T cells that aid cells to kill antigens
macrophages
phagocytes that clear away dead cells and debris as an infection subsides
the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disrupts
cell-mediated immunity (helper T cells)
non-hodgkin disease
type of disorder include follicular lymphoma and large cell lymphoma
nasopharyngeal lymph tissue is called
adenoids
the organ located in the upper mediastinum that plays an important role in immunity, especially during fetal life and the early years of growth
thymus
immunoelectrophoresis
the laboratory test used to detect and differentiate abnormal levels of specific antibodies
this fluid becomes lymph when it enters lymph capillaries
interstitial
lymphocytes that transform into plasma cells and secrete antibodies
B cells
T cells that directly kill foreign cells
cytotoxic T cells
helper T cells
T cells that aid B cells in recognizing antigens and stimulating antibody production
