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Medical Terminology & Anatomy & Physiology > Module 14: Lymphatic and Immune Systems > Flashcards

Module 14: Lymphatic and Immune Systems Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

antigens

A

substances capable of inducing an immune response

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2
Q

the ability of the body to resist foreign microorganisms such as bacteria, parasites, and viruses

A

immunity

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3
Q

a lymphocyte that originates in the bone marrow and secretes antibodies is

A

B cell

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4
Q

adaptive immunity

A

formation of antibodies and lymphocytes after exposure to an antigen

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5
Q

vaccination

A

introduction of a modified toxin to produce an immune response and protection against disease

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6
Q

genetic ability to fight off disease

A

natural immunity

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7
Q

antibodies

A

proteins that destroy antigens

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8
Q

axillary nodes

A

collection of stationary lymph tissue in the armpits

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9
Q

thoracic duct

A

large lymphatic vessel that receives lymph from the lower portion of the body and from the left side of the body above the diaphragm

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10
Q

adenoids

A

masses of lymph tissue in the nasopharynx

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11
Q

interstitial fluid

A

spaces between the cells

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12
Q

inguinal nodes

A

collection of stationary lymph tissue in the groin region

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13
Q

lymph capillaries

A

the tinniest lymphatic vessels

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14
Q

right lymphatic duct

A

the vessel that drains lymph from the upper right part of the body

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15
Q

dendritic cells

A

antigen-presenting cells that show T and B cells what to attack

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16
Q

T cells

A

lymphocytes that act directly on antigens to destroy them or produce chemicals toxic to them

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17
Q

suppressor T cells

A

T cells that serve a regulatory function for specific immune response by stopping the immune response when an antigen has been destroyed

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18
Q

interferon and interleukins are examples of

A

cytokines

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19
Q

a ________ is a large phagocyte found in lymph nodes and other tissues of the body

A

macrophage

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20
Q

multiple myeloma

A

a malignant tumour of bone marrow cells associated with high levels of one of the immunoglobulins, usually IgG

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21
Q

the medical term for hay fever

A

allergic rhinitis

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22
Q

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS

A

a retroviral disease caused by infection with HIV, its manifestation is associated with suppression of the immune system

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23
Q

anaphylaxis

A

is an exaggerated, life-threatening hypersensitivity to a foreign protein or other substance

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24
Q

Hodgkin disease

A

a malignant tumour of lymph tissue in the spleen and lymph nodes

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25
Q

opportunistic infection

A

disease caused by lower body resistance, which allows infection by bacteria and parasites that are normally easily contained

26
Q

kaposi sarcoma

A

malignant condition associated with AIDS that arises from the lining in capillaries it appears as dark purplish skin lesions

27
Q

atopic

A

a person who is prone to allergies

28
Q

-edema

A

swelling

29
Q

what do cryptococcal infection, cytomegalovirus infection, histoplasmosis and pneumocystis have in common?

A

they are AIDS related opportunistic infections

30
Q

HIV binds to ______ and infects and kills T cells bearing this protein

A

CD4 cells

31
Q

waldenstrom macroglobulinemia

A

tumor of malignant B cells that produce too much IgM

32
Q

non-hodgkin lymphoma

A

a group of malignant tumours involving lymphoid tissue

33
Q

allergen

A

a substance capable of causing a specific hypersensitivity reaction in the body

34
Q

hypersensitivity

A

a general term for the condition of having excessive reactions to allergens

35
Q

atopic dermatitis

A

an inflammatory skin reaction due to sensitivity to an environmental allergen

36
Q

a term that describes any of a group of diseases caused by a defect in the immune system, characterized by susceptibility to infection and chronic disease is ______

A

immunodeficiency

37
Q

when the tolerance of self-antigens fails, immune cells react against normal cells, resulting in carious pathologic conditions called ______

A

autoimmune diseases

38
Q

cryptosporidosis

A

parasitic infection of the gastrointestinal tract

39
Q

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA

A

test to screen blood for antibodies to the AIDS virus

40
Q

immunoelectrophoresis

A

test that detects and differentiates abnormal levels of specific antibodies

41
Q

protease inhibitors

A

drugs that treat AIDS by blocking the production of the enzyme that creates new viral pieces of HIV

42
Q

two viral load tests that measure the amount of AIDS virus in the bloodstream are ____ and ____

A

PCR and NASBA

43
Q

diagnosis of _______ is often made by identifying the Reed Sternberg cell in the lymph nodes

A

hodgkin disease

44
Q

immunotherapy

A

the use of immune cells, antibodies, or vaccines to treat disease

45
Q

monoclonal antibodies

A

treatment that consists of lab-produced antibodies linked to a specific toxin being delivered directly to the tumor cells

46
Q

what is a treatment for AIDS?

A

bone marrow transplant

47
Q

what test measures the number of helper T cells in the bloodstream of patient with AIDS?

A

CD4 lymphocyte count

48
Q

what test measures the amount of AIDS virus in the bloodstream?

A

viral load test

49
Q

the CART therapy test treats which disease?

A

cancer

50
Q

the ability of lymphocytes to recognize and accept the body’s own antigens as not foreign is called

A

tolerance

51
Q

the organ near the stomach that produces, stores, and eliminates blood cells is the

A

spleen

52
Q

cytokines

A

chemical messengers secreted by T cells that aid cells to kill antigens

53
Q

macrophages

A

phagocytes that clear away dead cells and debris as an infection subsides

54
Q

the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disrupts

A

cell-mediated immunity (helper T cells)

55
Q

non-hodgkin disease

A

type of disorder include follicular lymphoma and large cell lymphoma

56
Q

nasopharyngeal lymph tissue is called

A

adenoids

57
Q

the organ located in the upper mediastinum that plays an important role in immunity, especially during fetal life and the early years of growth

A

thymus

58
Q

immunoelectrophoresis

A

the laboratory test used to detect and differentiate abnormal levels of specific antibodies

59
Q

this fluid becomes lymph when it enters lymph capillaries

A

interstitial

60
Q

lymphocytes that transform into plasma cells and secrete antibodies

A

B cells

61
Q

T cells that directly kill foreign cells

A

cytotoxic T cells

62
Q

helper T cells

A

T cells that aid B cells in recognizing antigens and stimulating antibody production

Medical Terminology & Anatomy & Physiology (22 decks)

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