Module 17: Sense organs: The Eye and Ear Flashcards
ir/o
iris
vitre/o
glassy
lacrim/o
tears
queues humor
fluid found in the anterior chamber of the eye
the ability to see one image using both eyes
bifocal vision
rods
the sensitive receptor cells of the retina responsible for peripheral vision
fovea centralis
location of the area of sharpest vision in the eye
refraction
the bending of the light rays as they pass through the corner lens and other structure of the eye en route to the retina
iris
colour portion of the eye
pupil
dark opening in the centre of the iris
lens
transparent biconvex body behind the pupil that bends and focuses light rays
choroid
middle vascular layer of the eye
ciliary body
the structure that contains the muscles that control the shape of the lens
fundus
the posterior inner part of the eye
optic disc
blind spot
conjunctiva
delicate membrane that lines the undersurface of the eyelids and covers the anterior eyeball
optic chasm
the point at which optic nerve fibres cross in the brain
accommodation
when the cilliary body changes the size and shape of the lens by contracting or relaxing
accommodation
when the cilliary body changes the size and shape of the lens by contracting or relaxing
-opia
sight
the leading cause of blindness in the elderly is
macular degeneration
chalazion
small, hard, cystic mass on the eyelid
blepharitis
inflammation of the eyelid
diplopia
double vision
farsightedness
hyperopia
presbyopia
impaired vision due to aging
nearsightedness
myopia
amblyopia
partial loss of vision
astigmatism
defective curvature of the cornea or lens
macular degeneration
progressive deterioration of the macula of the retina and the chord layer of the eye
xanthelasma
raised yellowish plaque on the eyelid caused by a lipid disorder
cataract
clouding of the lends, causing decreased vision
hordeolum
infection of sebaceous gland producing small, superficial white nodule along the lid margin
xerophthalmia
dry eye
esotropua and exotroia are examples of
strabismus
loss of vision in half of the visual field that can occur with a stroke
hemianopsia
repetitive rhythmic movements of one or both eyes is
nystagmus
symptoms of this condition include floaters in the visual field and photopsia
retinal detachment
glaucoma
when the outflow of aqueous humour is blocked causing an increase in intra-ocular pressure which over time causes loss of vision
kerat/o
cornea
enucleation
removal of the eyeball
slit-lamp examination
examination of the anterior ocular structures under microscopic magnification
tonometry
measures intraoccqular pressure
miotic
glaucoma treatment that improves drainage of aqueous humour and contracts the pupil of the eye
fluorescein angiography
a procedure that uses a dye to visualize blood flow in the retina. can be used to detect diabetic retinopathy
visual examination of the interior of the eyes
opthalmoscopy
this test uses a snellen chart to assess clarity of vision
visual acuity test
a visual field test measures
peripheral vision
this procedure used a precisely focused light beam to seal leaky blood vessels
laser photocoagulation
LASIK
use of an excimer laser to correct errors of refraction
phacoemulsification
a common surgery to cataract removal that uses ultrasonic vibrations to break up the lens
scleral buckle is used to repair
detached retina
vitrectomy
remove scar tissue and blood from the vitreous humor
the central cavity of the labyrinth connecting the cochlea and semicircular canals is the
vestibule
the snail shaped tube in the inner ear
cochlea
the membrane between the middle and inner ear
oval window
the maze like series of canals of the inner ear
labyrinth
sound waves enter the ear with the aid of the ____, or pinna. They are conducted along the ____ to the _____, or eardrum.
aural, auditory meatus, tympanic membrane
when the taut eardrum is struck by the sound waves, it begins to vibrate, moving the ____, the first of three small bones in the middle ear called ____.
malleus, ossicles
after sound enters the inner ear, it is picked up by the sensory hair cells of the _____, which produce impulses that are transmitted by the auditory nerve fibres to the cerebral cortex
cochlea
endolymph
the protein-rich fluid inside the membranous labyrinth
endolymph
the protein-rich fluid inside the membranous labyrinth
menière disease
a chronic disorder of the labyrinth of the inner ear
acoustic neuroma
benign tumor arising from the acoustic nerve
medical term for dizziness
vertigo
otitis media
inflammation of the middle ear
cholesteatoma
collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac in the middle ear
-cusis
hearing
acoustic neuroma is a _____ tumor arising from the acoustic nerve in the brain and growing in the internal auditory canal
benign
tinnitus
a subjective noise- such as ringing, buzzing, whistling or clicking - heard in the absence of sound
with osteosclerosis, bone forms around the oval window, which causes a stiffening or fixation, known as _______, of the stapes bone
ankylosis
audiometer
electronic device used to measure hearing sensitivity by delivering a series of acoustic tones that cover a range of frequencies
audiometry is done to determine
hearing acuity
otoscope
used to perform visual examination of the ear
cochlear implant
surgically implanted device enables patients with sensorineural hearing loss to understand speech
PE tube
used to treat recurrent episodes of acute otitis media
this type of hearing loss results from impairment of the middle ear ossicles and membranes that transmit sound waves into the cochlea
conductive
for the ___ test a tuning fork is placed near the patient’s mastoid bone and in front of the auditory meatus
rinne
for the ____ test a tuning fork is placed on the midline of the skull
weber
myringotomy to ventilate the middle ear may be necessary in cases of
chronic otitis media
tuning fork test
a test of ear conduction using a vibration source
tuning fork test
a test of ear conduction using a vibration source
