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Medical Terminology & Anatomy & Physiology > Module 17: Sense organs: The Eye and Ear > Flashcards

Module 17: Sense organs: The Eye and Ear Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

ir/o

A

iris

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2
Q

vitre/o

A

glassy

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3
Q

lacrim/o

A

tears

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4
Q

queues humor

A

fluid found in the anterior chamber of the eye

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5
Q

the ability to see one image using both eyes

A

bifocal vision

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6
Q

rods

A

the sensitive receptor cells of the retina responsible for peripheral vision

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7
Q

fovea centralis

A

location of the area of sharpest vision in the eye

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8
Q

refraction

A

the bending of the light rays as they pass through the corner lens and other structure of the eye en route to the retina

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9
Q

iris

A

colour portion of the eye

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10
Q

pupil

A

dark opening in the centre of the iris

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11
Q

lens

A

transparent biconvex body behind the pupil that bends and focuses light rays

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12
Q

choroid

A

middle vascular layer of the eye

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13
Q

ciliary body

A

the structure that contains the muscles that control the shape of the lens

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14
Q

fundus

A

the posterior inner part of the eye

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15
Q

optic disc

A

blind spot

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16
Q

conjunctiva

A

delicate membrane that lines the undersurface of the eyelids and covers the anterior eyeball

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17
Q

optic chasm

A

the point at which optic nerve fibres cross in the brain

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18
Q

accommodation

A

when the cilliary body changes the size and shape of the lens by contracting or relaxing

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19
Q

accommodation

A

when the cilliary body changes the size and shape of the lens by contracting or relaxing

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20
Q

-opia

A

sight

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21
Q

the leading cause of blindness in the elderly is

A

macular degeneration

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22
Q

chalazion

A

small, hard, cystic mass on the eyelid

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23
Q

blepharitis

A

inflammation of the eyelid

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24
Q

diplopia

A

double vision

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25
Q

farsightedness

A

hyperopia

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26
Q

presbyopia

A

impaired vision due to aging

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27
Q

nearsightedness

A

myopia

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28
Q

amblyopia

A

partial loss of vision

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29
Q

astigmatism

A

defective curvature of the cornea or lens

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30
Q

macular degeneration

A

progressive deterioration of the macula of the retina and the chord layer of the eye

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31
Q

xanthelasma

A

raised yellowish plaque on the eyelid caused by a lipid disorder

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32
Q

cataract

A

clouding of the lends, causing decreased vision

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33
Q

hordeolum

A

infection of sebaceous gland producing small, superficial white nodule along the lid margin

34
Q

xerophthalmia

A

dry eye

35
Q

esotropua and exotroia are examples of

A

strabismus

36
Q

loss of vision in half of the visual field that can occur with a stroke

A

hemianopsia

37
Q

repetitive rhythmic movements of one or both eyes is

A

nystagmus

38
Q

symptoms of this condition include floaters in the visual field and photopsia

A

retinal detachment

39
Q

glaucoma

A

when the outflow of aqueous humour is blocked causing an increase in intra-ocular pressure which over time causes loss of vision

40
Q

kerat/o

A

cornea

41
Q

enucleation

A

removal of the eyeball

42
Q

slit-lamp examination

A

examination of the anterior ocular structures under microscopic magnification

43
Q

tonometry

A

measures intraoccqular pressure

44
Q

miotic

A

glaucoma treatment that improves drainage of aqueous humour and contracts the pupil of the eye

45
Q

fluorescein angiography

A

a procedure that uses a dye to visualize blood flow in the retina. can be used to detect diabetic retinopathy

46
Q

visual examination of the interior of the eyes

A

opthalmoscopy

47
Q

this test uses a snellen chart to assess clarity of vision

A

visual acuity test

48
Q

a visual field test measures

A

peripheral vision

49
Q

this procedure used a precisely focused light beam to seal leaky blood vessels

A

laser photocoagulation

50
Q

LASIK

A

use of an excimer laser to correct errors of refraction

51
Q

phacoemulsification

A

a common surgery to cataract removal that uses ultrasonic vibrations to break up the lens

52
Q

scleral buckle is used to repair

A

detached retina

53
Q

vitrectomy

A

remove scar tissue and blood from the vitreous humor

54
Q

the central cavity of the labyrinth connecting the cochlea and semicircular canals is the

A

vestibule

55
Q

the snail shaped tube in the inner ear

A

cochlea

56
Q

the membrane between the middle and inner ear

A

oval window

57
Q

the maze like series of canals of the inner ear

A

labyrinth

58
Q

sound waves enter the ear with the aid of the ____, or pinna. They are conducted along the ____ to the _____, or eardrum.

A

aural, auditory meatus, tympanic membrane

59
Q

when the taut eardrum is struck by the sound waves, it begins to vibrate, moving the ____, the first of three small bones in the middle ear called ____.

A

malleus, ossicles

60
Q

after sound enters the inner ear, it is picked up by the sensory hair cells of the _____, which produce impulses that are transmitted by the auditory nerve fibres to the cerebral cortex

A

cochlea

61
Q

endolymph

A

the protein-rich fluid inside the membranous labyrinth

62
Q

endolymph

A

the protein-rich fluid inside the membranous labyrinth

63
Q

menière disease

A

a chronic disorder of the labyrinth of the inner ear

64
Q

acoustic neuroma

A

benign tumor arising from the acoustic nerve

65
Q

medical term for dizziness

A

vertigo

66
Q

otitis media

A

inflammation of the middle ear

67
Q

cholesteatoma

A

collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac in the middle ear

68
Q

-cusis

A

hearing

69
Q

acoustic neuroma is a _____ tumor arising from the acoustic nerve in the brain and growing in the internal auditory canal

A

benign

70
Q

tinnitus

A

a subjective noise- such as ringing, buzzing, whistling or clicking - heard in the absence of sound

71
Q

with osteosclerosis, bone forms around the oval window, which causes a stiffening or fixation, known as _______, of the stapes bone

A

ankylosis

72
Q

audiometer

A

electronic device used to measure hearing sensitivity by delivering a series of acoustic tones that cover a range of frequencies

73
Q

audiometry is done to determine

A

hearing acuity

74
Q

otoscope

A

used to perform visual examination of the ear

75
Q

cochlear implant

A

surgically implanted device enables patients with sensorineural hearing loss to understand speech

76
Q

PE tube

A

used to treat recurrent episodes of acute otitis media

77
Q

this type of hearing loss results from impairment of the middle ear ossicles and membranes that transmit sound waves into the cochlea

A

conductive

78
Q

for the ___ test a tuning fork is placed near the patient’s mastoid bone and in front of the auditory meatus

A

rinne

79
Q

for the ____ test a tuning fork is placed on the midline of the skull

A

weber

80
Q

myringotomy to ventilate the middle ear may be necessary in cases of

A

chronic otitis media

81
Q

tuning fork test

A

a test of ear conduction using a vibration source

82
Q

tuning fork test

A

a test of ear conduction using a vibration source

Medical Terminology & Anatomy & Physiology (22 decks)

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