Module 5: Digestive System Flashcards
what is the first part of the small intestine?
the duodenum
what is the pouch that hangs from the cecum?
appendix
what are papillae?
small, raised areas on the tongue that contain receptor organs called taste buds
another term for swallowing is
deglutition
another term for chewing is
mastication
what does the liver do and where is it located?
the live is located in the right upper quadrant it manufactures bile, which is essential for the breakdown of ingested fats. the liver also stores excess glucose until it is needed in the body when blood glucose levels fall
where are rugae found and what is the function?
can be found in both the stomach and the mouth, where they provide a textured surface that facilitates the mechanical breakdown and movement of food
-ase
enzyme
enter/o
intestine
the cecum is a small pouch connected to the ileum at the ______
ileocecal sphincter
where are the tonsils located?
in the oropharynx
what is peristalsis?
contraction of tubular organs
the four upper front teeth in the adult dental arch are called the
incisiors
the breakdown of glycogen into glucose is called
glucogenolysis
the medical term for simple sugar is
glucose
the enzyme that digests protein is
protease
the outermost protective layer of the crown of the tooth is called
enamel
the _____ holds the tooth in place in the tooth socket.
periodontal membrane
___ is the soft, delicate tissue filling the centre of the tooth
pulp
the ring of muscle that controls movement of food from the stomach to the small intestine is the
duodenum
_____ is the removal of solid waste through the anus
defecation
a chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances
enzyme
the small, fleshy mass dangling from the centre of the soft palate is the
uvula
-iasis
means abnormal condition
steat/o
fat
icterus is another term for
jaundice
diverticulitis is caused by
trapping of undigested food or bacteria in a diverticulum
cirrhosis is an
chronic degeneration of liver tissue that is replaced with scar tissue
-eti/o
cause
leukoplakia
precancerous condition characterized by white plaques on the oral mucosa
idi/o
unknown
_____ stomatitis is inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpes virus
hepatic
an abnormal tubelike passageway near the anus is an
anal fistula
chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract is
Crohn disease
inflammation of the liver caused by a virus is termed
hepatitis
hematochezia is
the passage of right red blood from the rectum
achalasia
failure of the lower of the esophageal sphincter muscle to relax
varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus are called
esophageal varices
a malignant tumour of the stomach is called
gastic carcinoma
a small loop of bowel protruding through a weak muscle in his patient’s lower abdomen is a
inguinal hernia
an ulcer in the lining of the stomach or duodenum is a _____ ulcer
gastric
the loss of peristalsis that results in an obstruction of the intestines
ileus
when solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach, the condition is known as
gastroesophageal reflux disease
a group of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress and tension is
IBS
benign growth that protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon are
polyps
______ is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
ascites
ingesting food or water contaminated with viruses, parasites, or protozoa can cause a condition characterized by painful abdominal cramping, fever, inflamed intestines, and diarrhea containing blood. this condition is known as
dysentery
chronic constipation can put pressure on anal veins, causing swollen, twisted varicose veins in the rectal region called
hemorrhoids
lapar/o
abdominal wall or abdomen
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
a direct visual examination of the mucous membrane lining of the sigmoid colon is a diagnostic procedure called
sigmoidoscopy
an ileostomy is the
creation of an opening from the ileum to the surface of the abdomen
an enteroenterostomy is the
creation of a connection between two segments of the intestine
choledochotomy is the
removal of a gallstone through the common bile duct
the visual examination of the entire large intestine is called a
colonoscopy
receiving nutrition through a site other than the digestive system or alimentary canal is called ______ nutrition
parenteral
Receiving nutrition through the gastrointestinal tract is which type of nutrition?
enteral
the whipple procedure is another name for a
choleochotomy
the anterior portion of the roof of the mouth is the ____ palate
hard
the muscular ring at the lower end of the stomach is the ____ sphincter
pyloric
the ____ is the first part of the large intestine
cecum
___ are tiny projections in the walls of the small intestine that absorb nutrients
villi
the lower esophageal sphincter is called the ____ sphincter
cardiac
eti/o
cause
lith/o
stone
herpeticstomatitis
blisters around the mouth
visual examination of the distal end of the descending colon that leads into the rectum is called
sigmoidoscopy
the medical term for stone is
calculus
excess glucose in the bloodstream is removed by the liver and stored as
glycogen
what is the term for a failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax?
achalasia
this covering allows free movement of the intestines
mesentery
if the cause of an illness or its treatment is unknown or not understood it is called
idiopathic
the twisting of intestines is called
volvulus
inflammation of the liver that may be caused by _____ A, B, or C virus
hepatitis
folds or wrinkles within the stomach are called
rugae
the anatomy term that describes the throat is
pharynx
the first portion of the small intestine into which the stomach releases chyme is known as
duodenum
the liver releases a pigment in the bile called
bilirubin
the coordinated contraction of the intestines that moves the contents of the intestine forward is
peristalsis
the part of the stomach that is furthest from the outlet to the duodenum is called the
fundus
a condition in which one bowel segment collapses or telescopes into the opening of another segment is called
intussusception
tested blood in the feces is called
melena
