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Medical Terminology & Anatomy & Physiology > Module 5: Digestive System > Flashcards

Module 5: Digestive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

what is the first part of the small intestine?

A

the duodenum

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2
Q

what is the pouch that hangs from the cecum?

A

appendix

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3
Q

what are papillae?

A

small, raised areas on the tongue that contain receptor organs called taste buds

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4
Q

another term for swallowing is

A

deglutition

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5
Q

another term for chewing is

A

mastication

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6
Q

what does the liver do and where is it located?

A

the live is located in the right upper quadrant it manufactures bile, which is essential for the breakdown of ingested fats. the liver also stores excess glucose until it is needed in the body when blood glucose levels fall

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7
Q

where are rugae found and what is the function?

A

can be found in both the stomach and the mouth, where they provide a textured surface that facilitates the mechanical breakdown and movement of food

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8
Q

-ase

A

enzyme

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9
Q

enter/o

A

intestine

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10
Q

the cecum is a small pouch connected to the ileum at the ______

A

ileocecal sphincter

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11
Q

where are the tonsils located?

A

in the oropharynx

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12
Q

what is peristalsis?

A

contraction of tubular organs

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13
Q

the four upper front teeth in the adult dental arch are called the

A

incisiors

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14
Q

the breakdown of glycogen into glucose is called

A

glucogenolysis

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15
Q

the medical term for simple sugar is

A

glucose

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16
Q

the enzyme that digests protein is

A

protease

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17
Q

the outermost protective layer of the crown of the tooth is called

A

enamel

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18
Q

the _____ holds the tooth in place in the tooth socket.

A

periodontal membrane

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19
Q

___ is the soft, delicate tissue filling the centre of the tooth

A

pulp

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20
Q

the ring of muscle that controls movement of food from the stomach to the small intestine is the

A

duodenum

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21
Q

_____ is the removal of solid waste through the anus

A

defecation

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22
Q

a chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances

A

enzyme

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23
Q

the small, fleshy mass dangling from the centre of the soft palate is the

A

uvula

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24
Q

-iasis

A

means abnormal condition

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25
Q

steat/o

A

fat

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26
Q

icterus is another term for

A

jaundice

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27
Q

diverticulitis is caused by

A

trapping of undigested food or bacteria in a diverticulum

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28
Q

cirrhosis is an

A

chronic degeneration of liver tissue that is replaced with scar tissue

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29
Q

-eti/o

A

cause

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30
Q

leukoplakia

A

precancerous condition characterized by white plaques on the oral mucosa

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31
Q

idi/o

A

unknown

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32
Q

_____ stomatitis is inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpes virus

A

hepatic

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33
Q

an abnormal tubelike passageway near the anus is an

A

anal fistula

34
Q

chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract is

A

Crohn disease

35
Q

inflammation of the liver caused by a virus is termed

A

hepatitis

36
Q

hematochezia is

A

the passage of right red blood from the rectum

37
Q

achalasia

A

failure of the lower of the esophageal sphincter muscle to relax

38
Q

varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus are called

A

esophageal varices

39
Q

a malignant tumour of the stomach is called

A

gastic carcinoma

40
Q

a small loop of bowel protruding through a weak muscle in his patient’s lower abdomen is a

A

inguinal hernia

41
Q

an ulcer in the lining of the stomach or duodenum is a _____ ulcer

A

gastric

42
Q

the loss of peristalsis that results in an obstruction of the intestines

A

ileus

43
Q

when solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach, the condition is known as

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease

44
Q

a group of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress and tension is

A

IBS

45
Q

benign growth that protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon are

A

polyps

46
Q

______ is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

A

ascites

47
Q

ingesting food or water contaminated with viruses, parasites, or protozoa can cause a condition characterized by painful abdominal cramping, fever, inflamed intestines, and diarrhea containing blood. this condition is known as

A

dysentery

48
Q

chronic constipation can put pressure on anal veins, causing swollen, twisted varicose veins in the rectal region called

A

hemorrhoids

49
Q

lapar/o

A

abdominal wall or abdomen

50
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

51
Q

a direct visual examination of the mucous membrane lining of the sigmoid colon is a diagnostic procedure called

A

sigmoidoscopy

52
Q

an ileostomy is the

A

creation of an opening from the ileum to the surface of the abdomen

53
Q

an enteroenterostomy is the

A

creation of a connection between two segments of the intestine

54
Q

choledochotomy is the

A

removal of a gallstone through the common bile duct

55
Q

the visual examination of the entire large intestine is called a

A

colonoscopy

56
Q

receiving nutrition through a site other than the digestive system or alimentary canal is called ______ nutrition

A

parenteral

57
Q

Receiving nutrition through the gastrointestinal tract is which type of nutrition?

A

enteral

58
Q

the whipple procedure is another name for a

A

choleochotomy

59
Q

the anterior portion of the roof of the mouth is the ____ palate

A

hard

60
Q

the muscular ring at the lower end of the stomach is the ____ sphincter

A

pyloric

61
Q

the ____ is the first part of the large intestine

A

cecum

62
Q

___ are tiny projections in the walls of the small intestine that absorb nutrients

A

villi

63
Q

the lower esophageal sphincter is called the ____ sphincter

A

cardiac

64
Q

eti/o

A

cause

65
Q

lith/o

A

stone

66
Q

herpeticstomatitis

A

blisters around the mouth

67
Q

visual examination of the distal end of the descending colon that leads into the rectum is called

A

sigmoidoscopy

68
Q

the medical term for stone is

A

calculus

69
Q

excess glucose in the bloodstream is removed by the liver and stored as

A

glycogen

70
Q

what is the term for a failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax?

A

achalasia

71
Q

this covering allows free movement of the intestines

A

mesentery

72
Q

if the cause of an illness or its treatment is unknown or not understood it is called

A

idiopathic

73
Q

the twisting of intestines is called

A

volvulus

74
Q

inflammation of the liver that may be caused by _____ A, B, or C virus

A

hepatitis

75
Q

folds or wrinkles within the stomach are called

A

rugae

76
Q

the anatomy term that describes the throat is

A

pharynx

77
Q

the first portion of the small intestine into which the stomach releases chyme is known as

A

duodenum

78
Q

the liver releases a pigment in the bile called

A

bilirubin

79
Q

the coordinated contraction of the intestines that moves the contents of the intestine forward is

A

peristalsis

80
Q

the part of the stomach that is furthest from the outlet to the duodenum is called the

A

fundus

81
Q

a condition in which one bowel segment collapses or telescopes into the opening of another segment is called

A

intussusception

82
Q

tested blood in the feces is called

A

melena

Medical Terminology & Anatomy & Physiology (22 decks)

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