Module 15: Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
the motion that extends the foot downward toward the ground as when pointing the toes is _____ flexion
plantar
the muscles that move all of the bones of the face and the eyes are the
skeletal muscles
a bone cell that helps form bone tissue is an
osteoblast
the lower arm bone on the little finger (medial) side is the
ulna
the function of bone processes is to
serve as attachments for muscles and tendons
sinuses function to
lighten the skull and moisten passing air
a bone head, tuberosity, and condyle are examples of bone protuberances known as
bone processes
hard, dense bone tissue is
compact bone
the mid portion or shaft of a long bone is the
diaphysis
the fixed portion of a long bone between the shaft and the epiphyseal plate is the
metaphysis
the bone of the upper arm is known as the
humerus
pathologic fracture
caused by disease of the bone
ganglion
fluid-filled cyst that arises from the joint capsule or a tendon
muscular dystrophy
a inherited disease marked by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibres
rheumatoid arthritis
a chronic autoimmune condition in which joints become inflamed and painful
fibromyalgia
is a condition characterized by a chronic pain and stiffness in muscles, joints and fibrous tissue
carpal tunnel syndrome
the medical condition caused by the median nerve being compressed by a ligament as it passes between the ligament and the bones and tendons of the wrist
Paget disease (osteitis deformans)
condition is characterized by recurrent episodes of elevated bone resorption, followed by attempts at repair, resulting in deformed and weakened bones of excessive mass
comminuted fracture
the bone is splintered or crushed in several places
systemic lupus erythematosus
a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving the joints, skin, kidneys, nervous system, heart and lungs
rheumatoid arthritis can be detected by a laboratory test called _____, which is the rate at which erythrocytes settle at the bottom of a test tube
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
an EMG records
strength of muscle contraction
bone densitometry
determines bone mass with a machine that measures how well x-rays penetrate bone
-desis
fixation
bone scan
radioactive substance is placed within the body to enable visualization of a bone via the image produced by the emission of radioactive particles
NSAID
drug often prescribed to treat common symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders
elevated serum levels of _____ can indicate muscular dystrophies, polymyositis, or myopathy
creatine kinase
osteoblasts
are the immature osteocytes that produce the bony tissue that replaces cartilage during ossification
fibula
smaller of the lower leg bones
dorsi flexion
decreasing the angle of the ankle joint so that the foot bends backward
visceral muscles
controlled by the autonomic nervous system and operate the internal organs, blood vessels and glandular ducts
patella
kneecap
shin bone
tibia
soft bones
bones that cover soft parts of the body
bone depressions
hollow regions in a bone that help to join on bone to another and serve as passageway for blood vessels and nerves
articular cartilage functions to
cushion joints and allow them to move smoothly and efficiently
another name for osteoarthritis is
degenerative joint disease
yellow bone marrow is composed of
fat
cancellous bone
spongy, porous, trabecular bone
upper part of the pelvic bone
ilium
the cartilaginous disc joining the two pubic bones is the
pubic symphysis
this type of muscle is striated but its movement cannot be consciously controlled
cardiac
what laboratory test can detect hypocalcemia?
serum calcium test
tubercle
a small rounded process for muscle and tendon attachment
acetabulum
the round depression in the hip joint that forms the socket for the head of the femur to complete the hip joint
fascia
the fibrous membrane that separates and envelopes striated muscle
