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Medical Terminology & Anatomy & Physiology > Module 19: Cancer Medicine > Flashcards

Module 19: Cancer Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

ana-

A

off or away

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2
Q

cancin/o

A

cancer

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3
Q

-plasia

A

formation

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4
Q

a ____oma is a cancerous tumor derived from embryonic (inmate) nerve tissue

A

neuroblast

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5
Q

an Aden____ is a cancerous tumor arising from glandular cells

A

carcinoma

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6
Q

neo____ means new growth and refers to either benign or malignant tumors

A

plasm

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7
Q

____genesis is the identification of the type of tissue from which tumor cells arise

A

histo

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8
Q

osteo_____ is a malignant tumor of bone

A

sarcoma

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9
Q

once environmental caused changes in DNA are established in a cell, they are passed on to daughter cells. These inheritable changes, or ____, can lead to malignant growth.

A

mutations

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10
Q

radiation is an _____ when it produces leukaemia in radiologists and survivors of atomic bomb explosions

A

carcinogen

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11
Q

sarc/o

A

flesh, connective tissue

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12
Q

characteristically, a ___ tumor grows slowly, is well-differentiated and noninvasive and does not spread to a distant location; that is, it does not ______

A

benign, metastasize

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13
Q

retino____, a tumor of the retina of the eye, is an example of a known inherited cancer caused by transmission of defective DNA, which is the abbreviation for ______

A

blastoma, deoxyribonucleic acid

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14
Q

benign tumors are often __________, meaning stye are contained within a fibrous capsule or cover

A

encapsulated

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15
Q

scraping and microscopic examination of cells from the region of suspected disease is called

A

exfoliative cytology

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16
Q

this is used to inspect the peritoneal cavity for tumors

A

laparoscopy

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17
Q

this detects human chorionic gonadotropin in serum of patients with testicular cancer

A

beta-hCG protein marker test

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18
Q

x-ray examination of the breast is

A

mammography

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19
Q

core needle biopsy uses an _____ needle

A

large-bone

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20
Q

reversion to a more primitive, embryonic cell type is called ____ and is characteristic of malignant tumors

A

dedifferentiation

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21
Q

prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and _____ are protein marker for prostate cancer

A

alpha-fetaprotein

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22
Q

a piece of DNA whose activation is associated with the conversion of a normal cell into a cancerous cell is an

A

oncogene

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23
Q

this diagnostic procedure involves the intravenous injection of radioactive substance to reveal abnormalities

A

radionuclide scan

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24
Q

this diagnostic test localizes antigens, or proteins, in tissues using marked antibodies to assess presence and amount of specific molecules in both normal and tumor cells

A

immunohistochemistry

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25
the medical term for programmed cell death
apoptosis
26
which test uses a blood sample to detect cancer?
liquid biopsy
27
which test uses a blood sample to detect cancer?
liquid biopsy
28
fibr/o
fibers
29
radi/o
radioactive
30
the extent of speed of a tumor within the body is called its
stage
31
treatment with drugs to damage the DNA of cancer cells is called ______ therapy
chemo
32
adding drugs early in the course of treatment to hasten or assist primary treatment in attacking cancer cells would be considered
adjuvant chemotherapy
33
this procedure may be used if a tumor is attached to a vital organ and cannot be completely removed
debunking
34
Paul is receiving chemotherapy for his leukaemia. most likely, he will continue to receive chemotherapy until signs of the disease are absent' that is, until he achieves a
remission
35
a mile, or nevus, that displays a highly abnormal but not clearly cancerous appearance is described as
dysplastic
36
dr. gorman removed a malignant tumor and that was filled with thick, sticky fluid. the term for this fluid is
mucinous
37
gross examination of a benign polyp in a colon revealed it extended from a stem; the term for this description is
pedunculated
38
in a case of stage 1 Hodgkin disease. treatment with extensive external radiation eradicated the disease' therefore, this type of tumor is called
radio curable
39
the description of malignant tumor as fumigating means
a mushrooming pattern of growth
40
thyroid and breast tumors maybe _____, meaning hey are large, soft, and fleshy
medullary
41
redness, swelling, and heat are characteristic of _____ tumors
inflammatory
42
the ovaries are the most common site of this kind of tumor
cystic
43
when malignant tissue is destroyed by burning it is called
cauterization
44
this is destruction of tissue by high-frequency electric sparks
fulguration
45
when a tumor is removed along with a large area of surrounding tissue and lymph nodes, it is called
en bloc resection
46
wide resection involving the tumor, its organ of origin, and all surrounding tissue in the body space is called
exenteration
47
lacking structures typical of mature cells is
undifferentiated
48
this refers to localized tumor cells that have not invaded adjacent structures
carcinoma in situ
49
this term means resembling squamous epithelial cells
epidermoid
50
use of several chemotherapeutic agents together for treatment of tumors is called
combination chemotherapy
51
alkylating agents, antimetabolites, antibiotics, hormones, and antibiotics all are types of
chemotherapeutic agents
52
radiation applied to a tumor from a distant source using a linear accelerator is
external beam irradiation
53
one of the most common staging systems is referred to as TNM, which stands for
tumor, nodes, metastases
54
what antibodies are grown in a lab to kill tumors by blocking growth receptors?
monoclonal antibodies
55
cyst/o
sac or fluid
56
follicul/o
small glandular sacs
57
evaluating the degree of maturity of tumor cells or indication of malignant transformation is called ______ of tumors
grading
58
a ______ oma is a solid tumor derived from epithelial tissue
carcin
59
_____ plasma means reversion to a more primitive cell type
ana
60
characteristically, a tumor that multiplies rapidly, is undifferentiated and invasive, and can metastasize is a _____ tumor
malignant
61
gastric ______, a cancerous tumor arising from glandular cells lining the stomach
adenocarcinoma
62
in chemotherapy, drugs are administered according to a written _______ the details the route, schedule, and frequency of doses
protocol
63
_____, or the freezing and destruction of malignant tissue, was used to treat prostate cancer
cryosurgery
64
for a breast cancer diagnoses. the tumor is removed along with a large area of surrounding tissue and lymph nodes. this type of surgical procedure is called ______ resection
en bloc
65
the removal of author and a margin of normal tissue for diagnosis and possible small tumor cure is called an _______. biopsy
excisional
66
the aspiration of a small amount of bone marrow tissue for microscopic evidence of cancerous cells is a _______ biopsy
bone marrow
67
a ____ scan consists of pictures taken of organs after injection of radioactive substances
radionuclide
68
a ______ biopsy is the aspiration of. a core of tissue for microscopic examination
needle
69
______, which is abbreviated ______, is a serum protein produced by prostate cancer cells
prostate-specific antigen, PSA
70
malignant transformation of genetic material results from damage to
DNA
71
pieces of DNA that can cause normal cells to become malignant if activated by mutations are called
oncogenes
72
cancerous tumors are dived into broad groups on the basis of the particular type of tissue from which the tumor cells arise. this is called
histogenesis
73
staging of tumors is a system of evaluating the
extent of speed of tumors
74
a Pap test is an example of a clinical procedure called
exfoliative cytology
75
dysplastic cells means
abnormal but not clearly cancerous
76
this means densely packed; overgrown with fibrous tissue
scirrhous
77
forming small finger-like or nipple-like projections of cells is called
papillary
78
the term that means spending evenly though the affected tissue is
diffuse
79
the term that means composed of a variety of cell types is
pleomorphic
80
small, repeated doses of radiation are termed
fractionation

Medical Terminology & Anatomy & Physiology (22 decks)

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