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Medical Terminology & Anatomy & Physiology > Module 11: Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Module 11: Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

the 3 major types of blood vessels in the body are the

A

arteries , veins and capillaries

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2
Q

systole

A

rhythmic contraction phase of the cardiac cycle

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3
Q

the electrical impulse that triggers the contraction of the heart muscle originates in the _____ node

A

sinoatrial

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4
Q

coron/o

A

heart

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5
Q

atri/o

A

atrium

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6
Q

a blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the lung to the left atrium is called the

A

pulmonary vein

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7
Q

blood vessels that permit oxygen and nutrients to exchange with carbon dioxide and waster materials are called

A

capillaries

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8
Q

the thick middle layer of the heart wall composed of the muscle is the

A

myocardium

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9
Q

the calico that lies between the right atrium and the right ventricle is the _____ valve

A

tricuspid

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10
Q

the two upper chambers of the heart are the _____ and the two lower chambers are the _____

A

atria, ventricles

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11
Q

the _____ brings. oxygen-poor blood into the heart from the upper parts of the body

A

superior vena cava

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12
Q

the saclike membrane surrounding the heart is the

A

pericardium

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13
Q

the force of the blood being ejected from the heart causes a regular expansion and contraction of the arterial walls is called

A

pulse

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14
Q

as blood enters the right atrium, from the venue cave, it flows next through the ____,____, and ____

A

tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve

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15
Q

the area of specialized cardiac tissue that receives the cardiac impulse from the sinoatrial node is the

A

atrioventricular node

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16
Q

the largest artery in the body is the

A

aorta

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17
Q

the medical term for small artery is a

A

arteriole

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18
Q

ischemia

A

decreased blood flow

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19
Q

atrial flutter

A

cardiac dysrhythmia characterized by rapid, regular contractions

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20
Q

aneurysm

A

widening of a weakened portion go an arterial wall

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21
Q

rheumatic heart disease

A

heart disease caused by rheumatic fever

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22
Q

peripheral arterial disease

A

blockage of arteries carrying blood to the legs, arms, kidneys and other organs

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23
Q

myocardial infraction

A

interrupted blood flow that kills myocardial tissue

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24
Q

mitral valvue prolapse

A

condition in which the valve between the left atrium and ventricle becomes enlarged and protrudes into the left atrium during systole

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25
Q

congestive heart failure

A

a disease condition in which the heart is unable to pump the necessary amount of blood to meet the body’s metabolic requirements

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26
Q

atrial septal defect

A

a small hole in the wall between the atria

27
Q

peripheral vascular disease

A

the abnormality that refers to the intermittent ischemic attacks that affect arterioles of the skin is

28
Q

patent ductus arteriosus

A

a congenital heart disease in which the blood flows from the aorta into the pulmonary artery though a small opening

29
Q

ventricular fibrillation

A

a serious cardiac arrhythmia that can result in sudden cardiac arrest

30
Q

coarctation of the aorta

A

a congenital defect characterized by a narrowing of the aorta

31
Q

diastolic congestive heart failure

A

fluid backs up in the lungs and other parts of the body

32
Q

thrombotic occlusion

A

blocking of a coronary artery by a clot

33
Q

bacterial endocarditis produces lesions resembling cauliflower called ______ that break off into the bloodstream as ______

A

vegetations, emboli

34
Q

deep vein thrombosis

A

when a blood clot forms in a large vein, usually in a lower limb

35
Q

fibrillation

A

extremely rapid and irregular contractions of the hear muscle

36
Q

palpitations

A

uncomfortable sensations in the chest related to cardiac arrhythmia’s that make you aware of your heartbeat

37
Q

the nuclear scanning technique can detect schema and myocardial function

A

PET

38
Q

_____ is used to treat arrhythmias

A

digoxin

39
Q

_____ graphs is the use of high-frequency sound waves to show the structure and movement of the heart muscle

A

echocardiography

40
Q

electron beam computed tomography

A

this diagnostic imaging procedure can identify calcium deposits in and around coronary arteries

41
Q

angiography

A

radiographic imaging of the large blood vessels after the injection of radiopaque dye

42
Q

CABG

A

the surgical joining of vessel grafts to existing coronary arteries to maintain blood supply to the myocardium

43
Q

stent

A

a tube that is mesh like or slotted and used to prevent vessel obstruction

44
Q

technetium-99m sestamibi scan

A

a nuclear imaging test done to assess the function of the heart and cardiac output

45
Q

biventricular pacemaker

A

enables ventricles to beat together in synchrony so that more blood is pumped out of the heart

46
Q

nitroglycerin

A

treatment for acute angina attacks

47
Q

duplex ultrasound

A

a combination of doppler and conventional ultrasound

48
Q

ICD

A

device implanted in the chest that can sense and correct arrhythmias

49
Q

catheter ablation

A

catheter delivery of a high-frequency current to damage a small part of the heart muscle to reverse an abnormal heart rhythm

50
Q

defibrillation

A

the application of electrical discharges across the chest to stop ventricular fibrillation

51
Q

ECMO

A

the technique of using heart-lung machine to divert blood from the heart and lungs during heart surgery

52
Q

magnetic resonance angiography

A

is a type of MRI that produces very detailed images of blood vessels

53
Q

systemic circulation

A

the circuit that the blood follows from the heart to the body’s tissues and back

54
Q

cardiac biomarker

A

used to find evidence of a heart attack

55
Q

heart valves are necessarily designed to

A

keep blood flowing in one direction

56
Q

in systemic circulation, blood flows to the ____ after it leaves the left side of the heart

A

aorta

57
Q

advanced atherosclerosis could likely lead to

A

myocardial infarction

58
Q

petechiae

A

small, pinpoint hemorrhages

59
Q

damaged or incompetent venous valves that fault to precent backward flow of blood can lead to the development of

A

varicose veins

60
Q

sphygm/o

A

pulse

61
Q

inter ventricular septum

A

wall between the ventricles of the heart

62
Q

intermittent claudication

A

cramp like pain in the calf muscles caused by exercise and relieved by rest

63
Q

murmur

A

prolonged heart sound caused by incomplete closure of heart valves

Medical Terminology & Anatomy & Physiology (22 decks)

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