Module 10: Nervous System Flashcards
involuntary nerves that stimulate the body in times of stress and crisis are ___ nerves
sympathetic
the ____ nervous system consists of the cranial and spinal nerves
peripheral
what nervous system cell does not transmit impulses throughout the body?
glial
the chemical messenger released at the end of a nerve cell that stimulates or inhibits another cell is called
a neurotransmitter
the main sensory relay centre of the brain is the
thalamus
fluid-filled spaces within the brain are called
ventricles
a nerve cell is a
neuron
_____ nerves carry impulses to the brain and spinal cord
afferent
the microscopic space through which an impulse is transmitted is
synapse
_____ nerves carry impulses away from the brain and spinal cord
efferent
the threadlike extension that carries impulses along a nerve cell
axon
the “bridge” between the medulla and the midbrain is the
pons
the posterior portion of the brain that coordinates voluntary muscle movements and maintains balance
cerebellum
the lower portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum and spinal cord is the
brain stem
the ______ is the outer region of the cerebrum
cerebral cortex
the ______ activates and integrates the autonomic nervous system and controls pituitary secretions
hypothalamus
white fatty tissue that surrounds and insulates the axon of a nerve cell is called
myelin sheath
the Pia mater is the
thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges
the PNS includes ____ pairs of the cranial nerves and _____ pairs of spinal nerves
12, 31
unlike other cranial nerves, the ____ nerve carries messages to and from the neck, chest, and abdomen
vagus
the purpose of the blood-brain barrier is to
regulate the passage of potentially harmful substances from the blood into the nerve cells of the brain
the brain and the spinal cord make up the
CNS
“star cells” called _____ are a type of glial cell that transports water and salts from capillaries
astrocytes
_____ are the grooves or fissures that separate the sheets of nerve cells in the cerebral cortex
sulci
the watery fluid that flows throughout the brain and spinal cord is
cerebrospinal fluid
radicul/o
spinal nerves
algesic
insensitive to pain
spina bifida
a congenital defect in the spinal column due to the imperfect union of the cerebral parts
Parkinson disease
degeneration of nerves in the brain leading to tremors, muscle rigidity and a shuffling gait
Alzheimer disease
a progressive neurologic disorder marked by gradual decline in mental capacity that can begin in the middle age but is more frequently seen in the older person
bell palsy
disorder of the facial nerve that results in unilateral facial paralysis
petit mal seizures
absence seizure
cerebral concussion
a violent shaking up or jarring of the brain, with no apparent damage to the brain tissue
cerebral contusion
bruising of the brain tissue with neurologic deficits lasting longer than 24 hours
another term for Lou Gehrig disease is
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
the progressive muscular atrophy of Lou Gehrig disease that eventually progresses to involve most of the body, including the respiratory muscle is the result of
degeneration of the motor neurone in the spinal cord and brain stem
what condition is associated with an excess of or hypersensitivity to dopamine?
Tourette syndrome
what condition develops in response to reactivation of the virus that causes chickenpox?
herpes zoster
myasthenia gravis
antibodies block the ability of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to transmit the nervous impulse from nerve to muscle cells
a medical term for abnormal, involuntary, spasmodic movements is
dyskinesia
tonic-clonic seizures are also known as
ictal events
a peculiar sensory sensation often preceding the onset of a seizure is called
aura
a peculiar sensory sensation often preceding the onset of a seizure is called
aura
a lumbar puncture is known as a
spinal tap
cerebral angiography
radiographic imaging of the blood vessels in the brain after injection of contrast medium
a PET scan is
a computerized imaging technique that shows chemical activity of the brain and gives information about brain function
computed tomography
imaging modality that generates multiple computerized images of the brain and spinal cord using a contrast material is
doppler ultrasound
study that uses sound waves to detect blood flow in the carotid intracranial arteries
stereotactic radio surgery
a focused beam of radiation called a gamma knife can target a tumor to destroy it
treatment of hydrocephalus involves the use of a ____ to drain the excess cerebrospinal fluid
shunt
MRI
diagnostic procedures uses a magnetic field and pulses of radiowave energy to image the brain and spinal cord
what is a treatment for Parkinson disease?
placement of electrodes in the brain
vag/o
vagus nerve
the medical term for headache
cephalgia
analgesic medication is used to
relieve postoperative pain
dura mater
the outer layer of the meninges
cerebrum
the largest and uppermost section of the brain
the sensory warning some people experience before a seizure is called
an aura
dyskinesia
medical term for a condition of involuntary, spasmodic movements
transient ischemic attacks
brief episodes of neurologic deficit caused by temporary interference with blood supply to the brain
blockage of a cerebral artery by a blood clot with necrosis and edema of the area involved. this type of cerebral infarction is called a
thrombotic stroke
a glioma is an intracranial tumor that arises from the
supportive or connective tissue of the brain
stereotactic radio surgery
procedure that uses an intracranial guiding device to deliver high- dose radiation to precisely targeted timor tissue
tonic-clonic seizures are marked by
sudden loss of consciousness and generalized involuntary muscle contraction that alternate with rigidity
through which part of the neutron does an impulse leave the cell?
terminal end fiber
the first part of the nerve cell to receive the impulse is the
dendrite
a fold in the cerebral cortex is called a
gyrus
a network of intersecting nerves in the PNS is called
plexus
a depression or groove in the surface of the cerebral cortex is a
sulcus
destruction of the myelin sheath surrounding nuron in the brain and spinal cord describes which condition?
multiple sclerosis
what is a hereditary disorder caused by degenerative changes in the cerebrum?
Huntington disease
what is a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the motor neurones fail to give impulses to the muscles to cause muscle contraction
myasthenia gravis
-phasia
speech
a cerebral hemorrhage may be caused by a localized weakness in a blood vessel wall the plates and bursts. this weak section of blood vessel is called a _____
aneurysm
a general term for progressive neurologic conditions characterized by a gradual decline in mental ability is
dementia
