Module 18: Endocrine System Flashcards
the male sex hormone is
androgen
prolactin
anterior pituitary hormone that promotes milk production after birth
glycogen is converted back into glucose by the hormone ______
glucagon
the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is the
adenohypophysis
the hormone that stimulates uterine contractions during labor is
oxytocin
the powerful gland that secretes a variety of different hormones and regulates activities of the endocrine glands is the
pituitary gland
the adrenal glands are located
on top of the kidneys
essential hormones that regulate the amounts of electrolytes such as sodium and potassium retained the body are called
mineralocorticoids
epinephrine and norepinephrine are secreted by the
adrenal medulla
this substance decreases blood sugar
insulin
this substance increase blood sugar
glucagon
this hormone increase metabolism in body cells
thyroxine
this hormone influences the production of ova and sperm
folic-stimulating hormone
this hormone mimics the sympathetic nervous system
epinephrine
this hormone prepares and maintains the uterus in pregnancy
progesterone
this hormone stimulates renal tubular resabsorption of water
vasopressin
the adrenal medulla secretes the sympathomimetic hormone epinephrine which is also known as ___
noradrenaline
the class of hormones made from the lipid cholesterol is
steroids
a region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland and that secretes releasing factors and hormones that affect the pituitary gland is the
hypothalamus
-dipsia
thirst
hirsutism
condition of excessive facial and body hair due to excessive secretion of androgens caused by an adrenal tumor
myxedema
advanced hypothyroidism in adulthood
cretinism
congenital condition associated with extreme hypothyroidism and characterized by dwarfism and mental retardation
graves disease
the most common form of hyperthyroidism due to excessive secretion of the thyroid hormones. one of the symptoms is protrusion of the eyeballs, or exophthalmos
gigantism
hyper functioning of the pituitary gland before puberty that leads to abnormal overgrowth of the body
acromegaly
enlargement of facial, jaw, and extremity bones during adulthood as a result of excess growth hormone
diabetes insipidus results from
insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone from the pituitary gland
hypoparathyroidism is caused by deficient production of
parathyroid hormone
tetany
constant muscle contraction
adrenal virilism
excessive secretion of adrenal androgens
abnormal albumin concentrations would be detected with a
urine test
a test that measures T3, T4 and TSH
thyroid function test
glycosylated test
measure long-term blood glucose
radioimmunoassay
nuclear medicine test that shows the size, shape, and function of the thyroid gland
this test measures the amount of TSH, a hormone in the blood that is secreted by the anterior pituitary lobe to control the release of thyroxine and triiodothyronine
thyroid function
serum studies
include growth hormone, prolactin level, and gonadotropin and calcium
exophthalmometry
the measurement of eyeball protrusion with an exophthalmometer
which is an imaging study used to locate adenomas?
computed tomography
glucometer
blood glucose monitor
ketone levels would be checked in a
urine test
continuous glucose monitoring system
the device continuously senses and records blood glucose levels
toc/o
childbirth
dips/o
thirst
a ______ steroid is a hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex
corticosteroid
glucagon
pancreatic hormone that increases blood sugar by converting glycogen to glucose
neurohypophysis
posterior lobe of the pituitary gland
goiter
enlarged thyroid gland
calcitonin
thyroid hormone that induces calcium to leave the blood and enter bones for increase bone formation
targets
the hormone or tissue on which hormones act
the secretions of the pituitary are controlled by signals transmitted from the
hypothalamus
type 1 diabetes
usually starts in childhood. the body is deficient in insulin because an autoimmune process destroys the beta cells of the islets of langerhans that secrete insulin
type 2 diabetes
non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
what complication occurs when a patient diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus takes too much insulin?
hypoglycemia
parathormone
increased blood calcium
what hormone increases reabsorption of sodium in the blood?
aldosterone
what hormone promotes treat tissue growth and milk secretion?
prolactin
what hormone stimulates uterine contractions during labor?
oxytocin
what gland is at the base of the brain
pituitary
the gland behind the stomach secretes hormones from islet cells
pancreas
the _______ glands are small glands on the posterior side of the thyroid
parathyroid
the inner section of the adrenal gland is the
adrenal medulla
a gland in the neck is the
thyroid
the outer section of the adrenal gland is the
adrenal cortex
pheochromocytoma is a benign tumor of the ______ characterized by _______ secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine
adrenal medulla, hyper
another name for growth hormone, which affects the growth of the long bones and skeletal muscles of the body is
somatotropin
hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex that help to maintain glucose levels in the blood
glucocorticoids
hormones secreted by the testes
androgens
-tropin
stimulating the function of
