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Medical Terminology & Anatomy & Physiology > Module 18: Endocrine System > Flashcards

Module 18: Endocrine System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

the male sex hormone is

A

androgen

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2
Q

prolactin

A

anterior pituitary hormone that promotes milk production after birth

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3
Q

glycogen is converted back into glucose by the hormone ______

A

glucagon

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4
Q

the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is the

A

adenohypophysis

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5
Q

the hormone that stimulates uterine contractions during labor is

A

oxytocin

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6
Q

the powerful gland that secretes a variety of different hormones and regulates activities of the endocrine glands is the

A

pituitary gland

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7
Q

the adrenal glands are located

A

on top of the kidneys

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8
Q

essential hormones that regulate the amounts of electrolytes such as sodium and potassium retained the body are called

A

mineralocorticoids

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9
Q

epinephrine and norepinephrine are secreted by the

A

adrenal medulla

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10
Q

this substance decreases blood sugar

A

insulin

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11
Q

this substance increase blood sugar

A

glucagon

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12
Q

this hormone increase metabolism in body cells

A

thyroxine

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13
Q

this hormone influences the production of ova and sperm

A

folic-stimulating hormone

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14
Q

this hormone mimics the sympathetic nervous system

A

epinephrine

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15
Q

this hormone prepares and maintains the uterus in pregnancy

A

progesterone

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16
Q

this hormone stimulates renal tubular resabsorption of water

A

vasopressin

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17
Q

the adrenal medulla secretes the sympathomimetic hormone epinephrine which is also known as ___

A

noradrenaline

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18
Q

the class of hormones made from the lipid cholesterol is

A

steroids

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19
Q

a region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland and that secretes releasing factors and hormones that affect the pituitary gland is the

A

hypothalamus

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20
Q

-dipsia

A

thirst

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21
Q

hirsutism

A

condition of excessive facial and body hair due to excessive secretion of androgens caused by an adrenal tumor

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22
Q

myxedema

A

advanced hypothyroidism in adulthood

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23
Q

cretinism

A

congenital condition associated with extreme hypothyroidism and characterized by dwarfism and mental retardation

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24
Q

graves disease

A

the most common form of hyperthyroidism due to excessive secretion of the thyroid hormones. one of the symptoms is protrusion of the eyeballs, or exophthalmos

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25
Q

gigantism

A

hyper functioning of the pituitary gland before puberty that leads to abnormal overgrowth of the body

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26
Q

acromegaly

A

enlargement of facial, jaw, and extremity bones during adulthood as a result of excess growth hormone

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27
Q

diabetes insipidus results from

A

insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone from the pituitary gland

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28
Q

hypoparathyroidism is caused by deficient production of

A

parathyroid hormone

29
Q

tetany

A

constant muscle contraction

30
Q

adrenal virilism

A

excessive secretion of adrenal androgens

31
Q

abnormal albumin concentrations would be detected with a

A

urine test

32
Q

a test that measures T3, T4 and TSH

A

thyroid function test

33
Q

glycosylated test

A

measure long-term blood glucose

34
Q

radioimmunoassay

A

nuclear medicine test that shows the size, shape, and function of the thyroid gland

35
Q

this test measures the amount of TSH, a hormone in the blood that is secreted by the anterior pituitary lobe to control the release of thyroxine and triiodothyronine

A

thyroid function

36
Q

serum studies

A

include growth hormone, prolactin level, and gonadotropin and calcium

37
Q

exophthalmometry

A

the measurement of eyeball protrusion with an exophthalmometer

38
Q

which is an imaging study used to locate adenomas?

A

computed tomography

39
Q

glucometer

A

blood glucose monitor

40
Q

ketone levels would be checked in a

A

urine test

41
Q

continuous glucose monitoring system

A

the device continuously senses and records blood glucose levels

42
Q

toc/o

A

childbirth

43
Q

dips/o

A

thirst

44
Q

a ______ steroid is a hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex

A

corticosteroid

45
Q

glucagon

A

pancreatic hormone that increases blood sugar by converting glycogen to glucose

46
Q

neurohypophysis

A

posterior lobe of the pituitary gland

47
Q

goiter

A

enlarged thyroid gland

48
Q

calcitonin

A

thyroid hormone that induces calcium to leave the blood and enter bones for increase bone formation

49
Q

targets

A

the hormone or tissue on which hormones act

50
Q

the secretions of the pituitary are controlled by signals transmitted from the

A

hypothalamus

51
Q

type 1 diabetes

A

usually starts in childhood. the body is deficient in insulin because an autoimmune process destroys the beta cells of the islets of langerhans that secrete insulin

52
Q

type 2 diabetes

A

non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

53
Q

what complication occurs when a patient diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus takes too much insulin?

A

hypoglycemia

54
Q

parathormone

A

increased blood calcium

55
Q

what hormone increases reabsorption of sodium in the blood?

A

aldosterone

56
Q

what hormone promotes treat tissue growth and milk secretion?

A

prolactin

57
Q

what hormone stimulates uterine contractions during labor?

A

oxytocin

58
Q

what gland is at the base of the brain

A

pituitary

59
Q

the gland behind the stomach secretes hormones from islet cells

A

pancreas

60
Q

the _______ glands are small glands on the posterior side of the thyroid

A

parathyroid

61
Q

the inner section of the adrenal gland is the

A

adrenal medulla

62
Q

a gland in the neck is the

A

thyroid

63
Q

the outer section of the adrenal gland is the

A

adrenal cortex

64
Q

pheochromocytoma is a benign tumor of the ______ characterized by _______ secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

adrenal medulla, hyper

65
Q

another name for growth hormone, which affects the growth of the long bones and skeletal muscles of the body is

A

somatotropin

66
Q

hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex that help to maintain glucose levels in the blood

A

glucocorticoids

67
Q

hormones secreted by the testes

A

androgens

68
Q

-tropin

A

stimulating the function of

Medical Terminology & Anatomy & Physiology (22 decks)

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