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BD Study Guide > Module 7 > Flashcards

Module 7 Flashcards

1
Q

The process of bone formation ( Converting cartilage and connective tissue into bone in womb) is referred to as

A

Osteogenesis

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2
Q

This type of ostification in which bone is laid directly over connective tissues

A

Intramembranous

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3
Q

This type of ostification in which bone is built over an existing structure of cartilage

A

Endocondral

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4
Q

What percentage of bone growth occurs prior to age 20

A

90%

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5
Q

These are Anti-inflammatory medications that can decrease the body’s absorption of calcium

A

Glucocorticoids

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6
Q

This disease is a secondary cause of osteoporosis

A

Chronic liver disease

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7
Q

This disease inhibits the chemical process of hydroxylation which causes a vitamin D deficiency which causes hyperparathyroidism

A

Chronic kidney disease

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8
Q

Genetic disorder that causes mucus build-up in multiple organs including the lungs and pancreas

A

Cystic fibrosis

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9
Q

What are the most common fractures associated with cystic fibrosis

A

Rib and vertebral

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10
Q

This is the disorder that causes children’s bones to become soft and weak

A

Rickets

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11
Q

This is characterized by spikes in the body’s blood glucose levels due to inadequate production or response to insulin

A

Diabetes

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12
Q

This type of diabetes is caused by insufficient insulin production in the pancreas

A

Type 1

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13
Q

Which type of diabetes has a poor response and are not affected by the insulin that their bodies produce

A

Type 2

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14
Q

Which gland controls growth hormones that simulate growth plate development in children

A

Pituitary

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15
Q

This disorder leads to decreased body mass index and malnutrition this disease can decrease estrogen levels and cause amenorrhea in girls and stunted growth in boys

A

Anorexia nervosa

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16
Q

This is an immune disorder that destroys the line of the GI track when gluten is consumed

A

Celiac disease

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17
Q

What are the most common organs transplanted in pediatric patients (4 answers)

A

Lung heart liver and kidney

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18
Q

This type of disease covers a large number or arthritic conditions they are auto immune disorders that cause inflammation response

A

Rheumatic disease

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19
Q

This is a hereditary disorder that causes abnormal formation of the hemaglobin that carries oxygen throughout the body

A

Sickle cell disease

20
Q

Also called hyper cortisolism develops when the body produces too much of the hormone cortisol

A

Cushions syndrome

21
Q

This is a rare chromosome abnormality affecting males who are born with an extra X-chromosome

A

Klinefelter

22
Q

A rare chromosome abnormality affecting females who are born without one or part of 1 X-chromosome

A

Turner syndrome

23
Q

Also known as brittlebone disease is a group of uncommon conditions that are classified into 4 main subtypes

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

24
Q

This type of osteogeneous imperfecta have deficiencies in growth experience loose joints and our short and stature

A

Type 1

25
Q

This type is the most serious form of osteogenous imperfecta fatal complications during and directly after birth

A

Type 2

26
Q

This type of osteogeneous imperfectoa presents multiple fractures at birth and have very weak bones, various bone malformations that get worse with age long bones and ribs are most often affected

A

Type 3

27
Q

This type of osteogenous imperfecta exhibits easily fractured bones, More common before puberty and experience malformations and fragile teeth

A

Type 4

28
Q

This is an inherited disorder that is often confused with osteogenous imperfecta however this disease weakens the bones in the same way as nutritional rickets

A

Hypophosphatasia

29
Q

One of the rarest forms of primary osteoporosis in pediatric patients, recessive gene mutation of the low density lipo protein receptor LRP5 gene, Causing extremely low bone mass

A

Osteoporosis pseudoglioma syndrome

30
Q

This is a rare form of primary pediatric osteoporosis that develops from unknown causes, It increases rates of bone reabsorption. Difficulties walking due to heel ankle and lower back pain

A

Idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis

31
Q

TBLH

A

Total body less head

32
Q

Currently why does the pediatric reference database that’s most often used in United States come from

A

Bone mineral density in childhood study this study has DXA reference data over 2000 youths from ages 5 to 22

33
Q

What are the determining factors to diagnose a child with osteoporosis

A

Z score must be less than negative 2.0 and the patient must also have a history for a clinically significant fracture

34
Q

What does the ISCD define as a clinically significant fracture for peds

A

2 or more longbone fractures for a patient up to age 10 or 3 or more longbone fractures for a patient up to 19

35
Q

This is a description of the skeletal maturity of an individual

A

Bone age

36
Q

This Z score is considered normal

A

Value above negative 2.0

37
Q

What term should the report use if the Z score is negative 2.0 or lower

A

Low bone mineral mass or bone mineral density, the term osteoporosis should not be used unless the child also has a clinically significant fracture history

38
Q

What is mesenchymal tissue

A

Connective tissue

39
Q

What site is recommended for obtaining BMC and areal BMD in children and adolescents?

A

PA spine

40
Q

Which age group tends to be the most difficult to scan

A

Toddlers

41
Q

There are 3 regions for distal femur scans in the lateral position for children, what are they

A

1st region will contain cancellous bone from the metaphysis
2nd bridges metaphysis bone into diaphysis bone
3rd contains mostly cortical bone of diaphysis

42
Q

When scanning the lateral distal femur which ROI will contain more cancellous bone

A

1st

43
Q

What age group is referenced in the bone mineral density childhood study

A

5 to 22

44
Q

Approximately how many subjects were included in the BMDCS

A

2000

45
Q

If a pediatric patient has a vertebral crush fracture without any known trauma or disease processes they may be diagnosed with osteoporosis

A

True

46
Q

Disregarding special disease cases what is the normal minimum time between follow up scans

A

12 months

BD Study Guide (15 decks)

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