Module 7 Flashcards
The process of bone formation ( Converting cartilage and connective tissue into bone in womb) is referred to as
Osteogenesis
This type of ostification in which bone is laid directly over connective tissues
Intramembranous
This type of ostification in which bone is built over an existing structure of cartilage
Endocondral
What percentage of bone growth occurs prior to age 20
90%
These are Anti-inflammatory medications that can decrease the body’s absorption of calcium
Glucocorticoids
This disease is a secondary cause of osteoporosis
Chronic liver disease
This disease inhibits the chemical process of hydroxylation which causes a vitamin D deficiency which causes hyperparathyroidism
Chronic kidney disease
Genetic disorder that causes mucus build-up in multiple organs including the lungs and pancreas
Cystic fibrosis
What are the most common fractures associated with cystic fibrosis
Rib and vertebral
This is the disorder that causes children’s bones to become soft and weak
Rickets
This is characterized by spikes in the body’s blood glucose levels due to inadequate production or response to insulin
Diabetes
This type of diabetes is caused by insufficient insulin production in the pancreas
Type 1
Which type of diabetes has a poor response and are not affected by the insulin that their bodies produce
Type 2
Which gland controls growth hormones that simulate growth plate development in children
Pituitary
This disorder leads to decreased body mass index and malnutrition this disease can decrease estrogen levels and cause amenorrhea in girls and stunted growth in boys
Anorexia nervosa
This is an immune disorder that destroys the line of the GI track when gluten is consumed
Celiac disease
What are the most common organs transplanted in pediatric patients (4 answers)
Lung heart liver and kidney
This type of disease covers a large number or arthritic conditions they are auto immune disorders that cause inflammation response
Rheumatic disease
This is a hereditary disorder that causes abnormal formation of the hemaglobin that carries oxygen throughout the body
Sickle cell disease
Also called hyper cortisolism develops when the body produces too much of the hormone cortisol
Cushions syndrome
This is a rare chromosome abnormality affecting males who are born with an extra X-chromosome
Klinefelter
A rare chromosome abnormality affecting females who are born without one or part of 1 X-chromosome
Turner syndrome
Also known as brittlebone disease is a group of uncommon conditions that are classified into 4 main subtypes
Osteogenesis imperfecta
This type of osteogeneous imperfecta have deficiencies in growth experience loose joints and our short and stature
Type 1
This type is the most serious form of osteogenous imperfecta fatal complications during and directly after birth
Type 2
This type of osteogeneous imperfectoa presents multiple fractures at birth and have very weak bones, various bone malformations that get worse with age long bones and ribs are most often affected
Type 3
This type of osteogenous imperfecta exhibits easily fractured bones, More common before puberty and experience malformations and fragile teeth
Type 4
This is an inherited disorder that is often confused with osteogenous imperfecta however this disease weakens the bones in the same way as nutritional rickets
Hypophosphatasia
One of the rarest forms of primary osteoporosis in pediatric patients, recessive gene mutation of the low density lipo protein receptor LRP5 gene, Causing extremely low bone mass
Osteoporosis pseudoglioma syndrome
This is a rare form of primary pediatric osteoporosis that develops from unknown causes, It increases rates of bone reabsorption. Difficulties walking due to heel ankle and lower back pain
Idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis
TBLH
Total body less head
Currently why does the pediatric reference database that’s most often used in United States come from
Bone mineral density in childhood study this study has DXA reference data over 2000 youths from ages 5 to 22
What are the determining factors to diagnose a child with osteoporosis
Z score must be less than negative 2.0 and the patient must also have a history for a clinically significant fracture
What does the ISCD define as a clinically significant fracture for peds
2 or more longbone fractures for a patient up to age 10 or 3 or more longbone fractures for a patient up to 19
This is a description of the skeletal maturity of an individual
Bone age
This Z score is considered normal
Value above negative 2.0
What term should the report use if the Z score is negative 2.0 or lower
Low bone mineral mass or bone mineral density, the term osteoporosis should not be used unless the child also has a clinically significant fracture history
What is mesenchymal tissue
Connective tissue
What site is recommended for obtaining BMC and areal BMD in children and adolescents?
PA spine
Which age group tends to be the most difficult to scan
Toddlers
There are 3 regions for distal femur scans in the lateral position for children, what are they
1st region will contain cancellous bone from the metaphysis
2nd bridges metaphysis bone into diaphysis bone
3rd contains mostly cortical bone of diaphysis
When scanning the lateral distal femur which ROI will contain more cancellous bone
1st
What age group is referenced in the bone mineral density childhood study
5 to 22
Approximately how many subjects were included in the BMDCS
2000
If a pediatric patient has a vertebral crush fracture without any known trauma or disease processes they may be diagnosed with osteoporosis
True
Disregarding special disease cases what is the normal minimum time between follow up scans
12 months
