BD Practice Test Flashcards
What is a daily quality control test to check scanner performance
Phantom scanning
What is the region of interest for vertebral fractural assessments
T4 through L5
How many sets of sinuses are in the cranium
4
What are the 2 types of bone tissue generally found in long bones
Cortical and tribicular
The oldest bone cells of the skeleton live how long
10 years
An area of bone that contacts another bone is and
articular surface
Why is the standard anatomical position used
To Simplify descriptions of the location and orientation of bones
When evaluating bone density, what’s statistical value is calculated by dividing the standard deviation by the mean
CV
True or false bone mass decreases when formation is faster than reabsorption
False bone mass increases
Osteosarcoma’s primarily effect
Adolescents and young adults
Osteoarthritis is characterized by
Osteophyte formation
Spina bifuda occulta
A can cause paralysis
B look similar to a laminectomy on DXA scans
C is a relatively common malignant process or
D affects 30 to 40% of the general population
B
Idiopathic Scoliosis
A requires treatment
B is defined by less than 10ﾟ of curvature
C affects primarily adults
D is sometimes treated with bracing or surgery
D
What are the Biochemical markers that indicate osteoblast activity
Bone specific alkaline phosphates,N-terminal&C-terminal
According to the national osteoporosis foundation, Women over the age of 50 should take how many IU a vitamin D daily
800 to a 1000
Man made versions of the calcitonin hormone are based on the hormone naturally produced in
Salmon
Blank activate when RANK is combined with blank
Osteoclasts, RANKL
How should Alendronate be taken
In the morning on an empty stomach
In addition to iodine- 125 what radioactive isotope was used as the radiation source for dual Phantom absorpitiometry
Gadolinium -153
Bone edge detection algorithms are
A required by law
B proprietary to each manufacturer C used to diagnose vertebral fractures
D unreliable
B
What is the minimum distance a BD technologist should sit from the edge of the scanner table
3 ft
Operator precision is assessed using
A an in vivo test
B supervised scans
C QC analysis
D serial scans
A
The patient questionnaire can be filled out after the scanning procedure
False
What is the International system of units SI expression for the roentgen
Coulomb per kilogram
What is the acronym RAD stand for
Radiation absorbed dose
What type of lead shielding is required for DXA exam
No shielding
What is the largest source of artificial radiation
Medical imaging equipment
Do somatic effects occur within the exposed individual or future descendants
The exposed individual
What is a common outcome of somatic effects
Shorten lifespan and cancerous mutations
Which type of cell is more radiosensitive?
A red blood cell
B liver
C nerve
D gonadal germ
d
Which type of radiation is not considered ionizing radiation?
A infrared light
B ultraviolet light
C X rays
D gamma rays
A
Female athlete triad syndrome commonly causes _____ in female athletes.
A Chronic kidney disease
B Amenorrhea
C endocrine disorders
D diabetes
B
Klinefelter syndrome affects 1 in every
500 to 1000 men
Which disorder causes children’s bones to become soft and weak
Rickets
FRAX should only be used for individuals between ages
40 to 90 years
Regarding glucocorticoid medication, what is the dose that is considered a risk factor by FRAX?
5 mg per day for 3 months
All the following are FRAX risk factors except for:
A spinal stenosis
B previous fracture
D rheumatoid arthritis
A
Daily consumption of _____ of alcohol is considered a risk factor by FRAX
3
FRAX considers a previous fracture a risk factor if it was broken after what age
40
All of the following are secondary osteoporosis disease processes which may cause bone loss or interfere with individuals reaching their peak bone mass except for:
A chronic malnutrition
B hyperparathyroidism
C hypergonadism
D type 2 diabetes
B
What is a fragility fracture
Fracture resulting from a fall from a standing height in the absence of other trauma
What is the minimum 10 year probability of a major osteoporatic fracture that suggests a diagnosis of osteoporosis
20%
FRAX should only be calculated on those individuals who are:
A not on pharmacological therapy
B on pharmacological therapy
C under the age of 40
D over the age of 90
A
Two examples of bisphosphonate based medications are
A Evista and Prolia
B Forteo and Premarin
C Boniva and Actonel
D Fosamax and Prolia
C
Which of the following is a limitation of FRAX as described by the International osteoporosis foundation
A does not accommodate all known risk factors
B is inaccurate without BMD
C is no more accurate than clinical judgment
D does not take into account patient history
A
Which of the following is a criteria for an osteoporotic fracture diagnosis
A involvement without trauma
B correlation with the tumor
C metabolic disease of the spine D centrally concaved endplate depressions
D
What are the most common osteoporosis related fractures
Vertebral compression
ISCD recommendations state VFA imaging is indicated if the T score is _______ and one other qualification is met
Less than negative one
Using the Genant classification method a severe vertebral fracture has a height reduction of ______
40% or higher
Which terminology is an acceptable description of a vertebral fracture in a VFA report?
A wedge fracture
B burst fracture
C mild vertebral fracture
D unstable fracture
C
Which of the following is a criteria for an osteoporatic fracture diagnosis?
A involvement with trauma
B correlation with a tumor
C metabolic disease of the spine D centrally concaved inplate depression
D
When is VFA imaging typically performed
During bone mineral density testing
True or false if a vertebrae is difficult to assess, contrast and inversion tools may be used to locate vertebra position
True
Why might a vertebrae be excluded from the baseline analysis?
A aggressive drug therapy
B excessive joint hypertrophy
C too many osteocytes
D new osteoporatic fracture in the ROI
B
The total BMD is used to
Calculate the T score
Which of the following is not visualized on the ROI of hip scan?
A greater trochanter
B iliac crest
C shaft of the proximal famer
D femoral head
B
The femoral neck is
A predominantly trabecular
B rarely affected by early bone loss
C non weight bearing
D mostly cortical
D
True False the joint between the radius and the carpal bones must be visible on a forearm scan for accurate analysis
True
What is the preferred ROI when scanning the forearm
33%
Proper flexion of the patient’s elbow during a DXA scan at the forearm is _______ degrees
90-105
What type of body composition analysis uses a 2 compartment method
A BMI calculation
B DXA scan
C bio-electrical impedance
D near infrared interactance
C
What percentage of the American population is overweight
62%
According to the 2015 ISCD official position statements, the minimum acceptable precision testing results for total fat mass should be within
3%
Individuals with a high proportion of fat in the gynoid region of the hips and thighs are considered
Pear shape
What type of tissue is not included in lean body mass?
A muscle
B fat
C organs
D bone
B
What are the 2 types of calibration methods used by DXA scanners
Internal and external
A ______ scanning technique estimates bone mineral density based on a 3 dimensional scan
Volumetric
_____ measurements provide a ratio to evaluate bone health that is independent of patient body habitus
BMD
_______ is the measure of variability that shows how spread out data is around the main
Percent coefficient of variation
The 3rd national health and nutrition examination survey developed a standardized reference database for T scores of the
A lumbar spine
B hip
C thoracic spine
D forearm
B
The most critical performance measure of follow up scans and tracking of a patient’s bone mineral density over time is
Precision
______ is a measure of bone micro texture and a marker for the risk of osteoporosis
A fracture risk assessment
B trabecular bone score
C T score
D Z score
B
In a graphic display of the spine calibration phantom scan, the upper and lower controls represent plus or minus _______ percent of the mean
1.5
Which deformity typically manifest in adolescence and presents with remarkable kyphosis
Scheuermanns disease
Which of the following is not a reason for additional spine imaging? A obvious compression fracture
B 2 or more mild grade one deformities
C vertebral deformities in a patient with a history of relevant
D unidentifiable vertebrae between T7 and L4
A
