Module 11

Question 1

This is a systematic disease characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue with an increase in bone fragility

Answer 1

Osteoporosis

Question 2

At what age does the spine reach peak bone mass

Answer 2

21 to 27

Question 3

At what age does the hip hit peak bone mass

Answer 3

19 to 24

Question 4

According to The International osteoporosis foundation, osteoporosis causes how many fractures worldwide every year

Answer 4

8.9 million

Question 5

How many Americans have low bone density or osteoporosis

Answer 5

54 million

Question 6

For Caucasian women what is the lifetime risk of a hip fracture

Answer 6

1 in 6

Question 7

For men over 50 what is the risk for osteoporosis

Answer 7

1 in 4

Question 8

Hip fractures account for what percent of all osteoporatic fractures

Answer 8

20%

Question 9

What percentage of bone density can women lose in the 1st 5 to 7 years following menopause

Answer 9

20%

Question 10

What 2 races are at greater risk of developing osteoporosis

Answer 10

Caucasian and Asian

Question 11

Type one osteoporosis occurs in

Answer 11

Postmenopausal woman as a result of decreasing estrogen levels

Question 12

What type of osteoporosis is age related and occurs in both men and women

Answer 12

Type 2

Question 13

What percentage of osteoporosis cases does secondary osteoporosis count for

Answer 13

5%

Question 14

What are the most common causes of secondary osteoporosis

Answer 14

Disease and medication

Question 15

What is considered the gold standard for diagnosing osteoporosis and monitoring the effects of therapies which affects bone density

Answer 15

Femur and PA spine DXA scans

Question 16

What is the skin dose for proximal femur study range

Answer 16

2 to 5 mrem

Question 17

This type of bone densitytesting is called volumetric

Answer 17

Quantitative computed tomography

Question 18

What is the primary purpose of cortical bone

Answer 18

Support the body’s weight and provide a rigid support structure

Question 19

Cortical bone accounts for what percentage of our skeletal mass

Answer 19

80%

Question 20

Trabecular bone is found at the end of longbones and makes up about what percent of our skeletal mass

Answer 20

20%

Question 21

This type of bone is a delicate lattice work of porus bone inside the shell

Answer 21

Trabecular

Question 22

What are the 3 centers of ostification found in the pelvis. They grow together to form the os coxae

Answer 22

Ilium ischium and pubis

Question 23

What are the 2 most common sites for fractures in the elderly

Answer 23

Femoral neck and the intertrochanteric crest

Question 24

The total femoral ROI includes

Answer 24

The femoral neck, wards area, the trochanteric region, and the femoral shaft

Question 25

This is the area most affected by early bone loss in the femoral region

Answer 25

wards area

Question 26

What is the area of the femur with the lowest bone mass

Answer 26

wards area

Question 27

What is the proper positioning for a hip scan

Answer 27

The femoral shaft straight and parallel to the lateral edge of the scan

Question 28

How often are serial scans performed

Answer 28

Every two years

Question 29

What are some indications to use a different hip versus the other

Answer 29

Scoliosis, polio, unilateral Osteoarthritis, stroke, congenital hip abnormalities, surgical hardware

Question 30

What is the recommended safe distance for Hologic systems

Answer 30

One meter

Question 31

What is the recommended safe distance for GE systems

Answer 31

2 meters

Question 32

What degree should you rotate the entire leg

Answer 32

15 to 25ﾟ

Question 33

Where do you center cross hairs for a hip scan

Answer 33

3" below the greater Trochanter and 1" medial to the shaft of the femur

Question 34

What is the most common reason for an inaccurate BMD values

Answer 34

Positioning

Question 35

What is the recommended dosage of calcium for a postmenopausal women or for men over the age of 70

Answer 35

1200 mg per day

Question 36

What is the recommended dosage of calcium for women under 50 and men 70 and under

Answer 36

1000 mg per day

Question 37

What amount of calcium at 1 time can the body process

Answer 37

500 to 600 mg

Question 38

What are ways to get vitamin D

Answer 38

Sun light, food, and supplements

Question 39

What is the recommended dose of vitamin D for postmenopausal women and man over 50

Answer 39

800 to 1000 iu's per day

Question 40

What is the recommended dose of vitamin D for men and women under 50

Answer 40

400 to 800 IU daily

Question 41

These types of drugs slow bone loss

Answer 41

Antiresorptive

Question 42

What are the severe side effects of bisphosphonates

Answer 42

Heartburn, difficulty swallowing, gastric ulcers and irritation of esophagus And osteonecrosis

Question 43

Bisphosphonates, calcitonin, denosumab, estrogen, and estrogen antagonist are what type of drugs

Answer 43

Antiresorptive

Question 44

Raloxofene (Evista) is what type of drug therapy

Answer 44

Selective estrogen receptor modulator

Question 45

This drug therapy is a parathyroid hormone

Answer 45

Forteo

Question 46

These drugs are IV bisphosphonates

Answer 46

Boniva and Reclast

Question 47

This is an injection given twice annually which has shown a 40% reduction and new hip fractures at 3 years

Answer 47

Denosumab (Prolia)

Question 48

Total skeletal masses made up of approximately

Answer 48

80% cortical bone and 20% trabecular

Question 49

To position the hit for ADXA scan, the entire leg is rotated inward too

Answer 49

Place the femoral neck parallel to the table