Module 11 Flashcards
This is a systematic disease characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue with an increase in bone fragility
Osteoporosis
At what age does the spine reach peak bone mass
21 to 27
At what age does the hip hit peak bone mass
19 to 24
According to The International osteoporosis foundation, osteoporosis causes how many fractures worldwide every year
8.9 million
How many Americans have low bone density or osteoporosis
54 million
For Caucasian women what is the lifetime risk of a hip fracture
1 in 6
For men over 50 what is the risk for osteoporosis
1 in 4
Hip fractures account for what percent of all osteoporatic fractures
20%
What percentage of bone density can women lose in the 1st 5 to 7 years following menopause
20%
What 2 races are at greater risk of developing osteoporosis
Caucasian and Asian
Type one osteoporosis occurs in
Postmenopausal woman as a result of decreasing estrogen levels
What type of osteoporosis is age related and occurs in both men and women
Type 2
What percentage of osteoporosis cases does secondary osteoporosis count for
5%
What are the most common causes of secondary osteoporosis
Disease and medication
What is considered the gold standard for diagnosing osteoporosis and monitoring the effects of therapies which affects bone density
Femur and PA spine DXA scans
What is the skin dose for proximal femur study range
2 to 5 mrem
This type of bone densitytesting is called volumetric
Quantitative computed tomography
What is the primary purpose of cortical bone
Support the bodyβs weight and provide a rigid support structure
Cortical bone accounts for what percentage of our skeletal mass
80%
Trabecular bone is found at the end of longbones and makes up about what percent of our skeletal mass
20%
This type of bone is a delicate lattice work of porus bone inside the shell
Trabecular
What are the 3 centers of ostification found in the pelvis. They grow together to form the os coxae
Ilium ischium and pubis
What are the 2 most common sites for fractures in the elderly
Femoral neck and the intertrochanteric crest
The total femoral ROI includes
The femoral neck, wards area, the trochanteric region, and the femoral shaft
This is the area most affected by early bone loss in the femoral region
wards area
What is the area of the femur with the lowest bone mass
wards area
What is the proper positioning for a hip scan
The femoral shaft straight and parallel to the lateral edge of the scan
How often are serial scans performed
Every two years
What are some indications to use a different hip versus the other
Scoliosis, polio, unilateral Osteoarthritis, stroke, congenital hip abnormalities, surgical hardware
What is the recommended safe distance for Hologic systems
One meter
What is the recommended safe distance for GE systems
2 meters
What degree should you rotate the entire leg
15 to 25οΎ
Where do you center cross hairs for a hip scan
3β below the greater Trochanter and 1β medial to the shaft of the femur
What is the most common reason for an inaccurate BMD values
Positioning
What is the recommended dosage of calcium for a postmenopausal women or for men over the age of 70
1200 mg per day
What is the recommended dosage of calcium for women under 50 and men 70 and under
1000 mg per day
What amount of calcium at 1 time can the body process
500 to 600 mg
What are ways to get vitamin D
Sun light, food, and supplements
What is the recommended dose of vitamin D for postmenopausal women and man over 50
800 to 1000 iuβs per day
What is the recommended dose of vitamin D for men and women under 50
400 to 800 IU daily
These types of drugs slow bone loss
Antiresorptive
What are the severe side effects of bisphosphonates
Heartburn, difficulty swallowing, gastric ulcers and irritation of esophagus And osteonecrosis
Bisphosphonates, calcitonin, denosumab, estrogen, and estrogen antagonist are what type of drugs
Antiresorptive
Raloxofene (Evista) is what type of drug therapy
Selective estrogen receptor modulator
This drug therapy is a parathyroid hormone
Forteo
These drugs are IV bisphosphonates
Boniva and Reclast
This is an injection given twice annually which has shown a 40% reduction and new hip fractures at 3 years
Denosumab (Prolia)
Total skeletal masses made up of approximately
80% cortical bone and 20% trabecular
To position the hit for ADXA scan, the entire leg is rotated inward too
Place the femoral neck parallel to the table
