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BD Study Guide > Module 11 > Flashcards

Module 11 Flashcards

1
Q

This is a systematic disease characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue with an increase in bone fragility

A

Osteoporosis

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2
Q

At what age does the spine reach peak bone mass

A

21 to 27

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3
Q

At what age does the hip hit peak bone mass

A

19 to 24

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4
Q

According to The International osteoporosis foundation, osteoporosis causes how many fractures worldwide every year

A

8.9 million

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5
Q

How many Americans have low bone density or osteoporosis

A

54 million

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6
Q

For Caucasian women what is the lifetime risk of a hip fracture

A

1 in 6

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7
Q

For men over 50 what is the risk for osteoporosis

A

1 in 4

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8
Q

Hip fractures account for what percent of all osteoporatic fractures

A

20%

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9
Q

What percentage of bone density can women lose in the 1st 5 to 7 years following menopause

A

20%

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10
Q

What 2 races are at greater risk of developing osteoporosis

A

Caucasian and Asian

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11
Q

Type one osteoporosis occurs in

A

Postmenopausal woman as a result of decreasing estrogen levels

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12
Q

What type of osteoporosis is age related and occurs in both men and women

A

Type 2

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13
Q

What percentage of osteoporosis cases does secondary osteoporosis count for

A

5%

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14
Q

What are the most common causes of secondary osteoporosis

A

Disease and medication

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15
Q

What is considered the gold standard for diagnosing osteoporosis and monitoring the effects of therapies which affects bone density

A

Femur and PA spine DXA scans

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16
Q

What is the skin dose for proximal femur study range

A

2 to 5 mrem

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17
Q

This type of bone densitytesting is called volumetric

A

Quantitative computed tomography

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18
Q

What is the primary purpose of cortical bone

A

Support the body’s weight and provide a rigid support structure

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19
Q

Cortical bone accounts for what percentage of our skeletal mass

A

80%

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20
Q

Trabecular bone is found at the end of longbones and makes up about what percent of our skeletal mass

A

20%

21
Q

This type of bone is a delicate lattice work of porus bone inside the shell

A

Trabecular

22
Q

What are the 3 centers of ostification found in the pelvis. They grow together to form the os coxae

A

Ilium ischium and pubis

23
Q

What are the 2 most common sites for fractures in the elderly

A

Femoral neck and the intertrochanteric crest

24
Q

The total femoral ROI includes

A

The femoral neck, wards area, the trochanteric region, and the femoral shaft

25
Q

This is the area most affected by early bone loss in the femoral region

A

wards area

26
Q

What is the area of the femur with the lowest bone mass

A

wards area

27
Q

What is the proper positioning for a hip scan

A

The femoral shaft straight and parallel to the lateral edge of the scan

28
Q

How often are serial scans performed

A

Every two years

29
Q

What are some indications to use a different hip versus the other

A

Scoliosis, polio, unilateral Osteoarthritis, stroke, congenital hip abnormalities, surgical hardware

30
Q

What is the recommended safe distance for Hologic systems

A

One meter

31
Q

What is the recommended safe distance for GE systems

A

2 meters

32
Q

What degree should you rotate the entire leg

A

15 to 25ﾟ

33
Q

Where do you center cross hairs for a hip scan

A

3” below the greater Trochanter and 1” medial to the shaft of the femur

34
Q

What is the most common reason for an inaccurate BMD values

A

Positioning

35
Q

What is the recommended dosage of calcium for a postmenopausal women or for men over the age of 70

A

1200 mg per day

36
Q

What is the recommended dosage of calcium for women under 50 and men 70 and under

A

1000 mg per day

37
Q

What amount of calcium at 1 time can the body process

A

500 to 600 mg

38
Q

What are ways to get vitamin D

A

Sun light, food, and supplements

39
Q

What is the recommended dose of vitamin D for postmenopausal women and man over 50

A

800 to 1000 iu’s per day

40
Q

What is the recommended dose of vitamin D for men and women under 50

A

400 to 800 IU daily

41
Q

These types of drugs slow bone loss

A

Antiresorptive

42
Q

What are the severe side effects of bisphosphonates

A

Heartburn, difficulty swallowing, gastric ulcers and irritation of esophagus And osteonecrosis

43
Q

Bisphosphonates, calcitonin, denosumab, estrogen, and estrogen antagonist are what type of drugs

A

Antiresorptive

44
Q

Raloxofene (Evista) is what type of drug therapy

A

Selective estrogen receptor modulator

45
Q

This drug therapy is a parathyroid hormone

A

Forteo

46
Q

These drugs are IV bisphosphonates

A

Boniva and Reclast

47
Q

This is an injection given twice annually which has shown a 40% reduction and new hip fractures at 3 years

A

Denosumab (Prolia)

48
Q

Total skeletal masses made up of approximately

A

80% cortical bone and 20% trabecular

49
Q

To position the hit for ADXA scan, the entire leg is rotated inward too

A

Place the femoral neck parallel to the table

BD Study Guide (15 decks)

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