Module 3

Question 1

Increased fractures because of decreased bone mass and deterioration of the microarchitecture of the bone . A common metabolic disorder

Answer 1

Osteoporosis

Question 2

When does bone loss begin

Answer 2

After peak bone age

Question 3

A disease characterized by low bone mass

Answer 3

osteoporosis

Question 4

What reference data is considered the standard reference for comparison of all bone density measurements

Answer 4

NHANES

Question 5

This type of primary osteoporosis is an accelerated loss of bone density that occurs in postmenopausal women due to estrogen deficiency

Answer 5

Type One primary osteoporosis

Question 6

This type is also called senile or age associated primary osteoporosis occurs in both the women and men age 70 year older and results in a long slow loss a bone

Answer 6

Type 2 primary osteoporosis

Question 7

Primary osteoporosis is associated with

Answer 7

Age

Question 8

Caused by one or more diseases or conditions

Answer 8

Secondary osteoporosis

Question 9

For women what percent of bone mass is achieved between age 18 and 20 although different bones peak at different ages

Answer 9

90 to 95%

Question 10

When does trochanter BMD peak

Answer 10

Mid teens

Question 11

When does femoral neck BMD peak

Answer 11

Late teens

Question 12

When does spine BMD peak

Answer 12

Early twenties

Question 13

The sum of the data values divided by the number of values

Answer 13

Mean value

Question 14

The distribution of values around their mean

Answer 14

Standard deviation

Question 15

This is calculated by dividing the standard deviation by the mean

Answer 15

Coefficient of variation

Question 16

This is used to compare variability between 2 datasets whether or not to have the same mean

Answer 16

Percent CV

Question 17

Refers to the ability of the system to measure the true value of an object

Answer 17

Accuracy

Question 18

Refers to the ability of the system to reproduce the same measurement of the same object in repeat measurements

Answer 18

Precision

Question 19

Blank percent CV indicates better precision

Answer 19

Smaller

Question 20

Indicates how the patient’s BMD value corresponds to the peak bone mass of a young reference population express as a positive or negative value

Answer 20

T score

Question 21

Indicates how patients BMD value corresponds to an age and sex matched population

Answer 21

Z score

Question 22

Process of bone absorption and formation

Answer 22

Bone remodeling

Question 23

Bone mass ? when reabsorption is faster than formation

Answer 23

Decreases

Question 24

What is the optimal range for calcium in the blood

Answer 24

9.0 and 10.1 picograms per milliliter

Question 25

Enzyme produced by bone and the liver

Answer 25

Alkaline phosphatase

Question 26

The 3 most common tests used to measure the bone formation phase of remodeling from blood sample

Answer 26

Alkaline phosphatase osteocalcin and procollagen type one propeptide

Question 27

3 most common test used to measure the bone resorption phase of remodeling

Answer 27

N-telopeptide, c-teleopeptide, and deoxypyridinoline

Question 28

Overproduction of T3 and T4 thyroid hormone

Answer 28

Hyperthyroidism

Question 29

Excess of parathyroid hormone due to overactive parathyroid glands

Answer 29

Hyperparathyroidism

Question 30

Caused by a benign adenoma one of the 4 parathyroid glands

Answer 30

Primary hyperparathyroidism

Question 31

Caused by chronic kidney failure or a calcium malabsorption problem

Answer 31

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

Question 32

Bone softening disease caused by deficiency in vitamin D the adult form of rickets

Answer 32

Osteomalacia

Question 33

Chronic disorder that results in enlarged and mishaping bones bones. This is caused by excessive Resorpson and formation of bone followed by disorganized bone remodeling

Answer 33

Pagets disease

Question 34

Also called brittle bone disease this is a group of congenital genetic disorders of collagen type one production which affects the development of connective tissues and bones

Answer 34

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 35

A very rare inherited connective tissue disorder, it occurs and only one out of 2 million people.. Malformations of the great toes are present at birth

Answer 35

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva

Question 36

Most common form of primary bone cancer in children, adolescents and young adults. It occurs near areas of bone growth among bones

Answer 36

Osteosarcoma

Question 37

The 2nd most common type of bone cancer and children typically found in the pelvis And large long bones

Answer 37

Ewings sarcoma

Question 38

Benign overgrowth of the cartilage near where cartilage forms bone

Answer 38

Osteochondroma

Question 39

A degenerative form of joint disease that occurs when cartilage in the joint breaks down or wears away

Answer 39

Osteoarthritis

Question 40

An auto immune disease that causes chronic inflammation of of joint tissue

Answer 40

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 41

An inflammatory autoimmune arthritis affected mainly the lower spine as well as the joints articulating with the pelvis including the hips and sacrum

Answer 41

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Question 42

A congenital neural tube defect described as the incomplete development of the brain spinal cord and meninges

Answer 42

Spina bifida

Question 43

Sideways curvature of the spine may develop as a single curve to one side resembling the letter C Or as a double curve resembling an S

Answer 43

Scoliosis

Question 44

A deformity in which a sideways curve of the spine is caused by a defect present at birth

Answer 44

Congenital scoliosis

Question 45

Occurs as a result of disease such as muscular dystrophy cerebral palsy spina bifida and polio. Muscles on one side of the body are stronger or weaker than the other side causing abnormal coverage and twisting of the spine

Answer 45

Neuromuscular Scoliosis

Question 46

Most common type of scaliosis and children and adolescents occurring during growth spurts but before puberty. Commonly defined by more than a 10ﾟ of lateral curvature and may also involve a slight rotation

Answer 46

Idiopathic scoliosis

Question 47

More common in adult due to defect in the facet joints. Enlargement on the concave side of the curve

Answer 47

Degenerative scoliosis

Question 48

An extreme forward curvature of the spawn

Answer 48

Kyohosis

Question 49

The WHO criteria for osteoporosis apply to

Answer 49

Postmenopausal Caucasian women

Question 50

Primary osteoporosis may be exacerbated by

Answer 50

A secondary decrease in vitamin D production

Question 51

Which metabolic condition manifest as a reduction in cortical bone density

Answer 51

Hyperparathyroidism

Question 52

Pageants disease is characterized by

Answer 52

Cortical thickening

Question 53

Osteocondronomas Are

Answer 53

Found near growth plates

Question 54

May result in a fused vertebrae

Answer 54

Ankylosing spondylities

Question 55

Unseparated malformed vertebral segments

Answer 55

Congenital kyphosis