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BD Study Guide > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Increased fractures because of decreased bone mass and deterioration of the microarchitecture of the bone . A common metabolic disorder

A

Osteoporosis

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2
Q

When does bone loss begin

A

After peak bone age

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3
Q

A disease characterized by low bone mass

A

osteoporosis

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4
Q

What reference data is considered the standard reference for comparison of all bone density measurements

A

NHANES

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5
Q

This type of primary osteoporosis is an accelerated loss of bone density that occurs in postmenopausal women due to estrogen deficiency

A

Type One primary osteoporosis

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6
Q

This type is also called senile or age associated primary osteoporosis occurs in both the women and men age 70 year older and results in a long slow loss a bone

A

Type 2 primary osteoporosis

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7
Q

Primary osteoporosis is associated with

A

Age

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8
Q

Caused by one or more diseases or conditions

A

Secondary osteoporosis

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9
Q

For women what percent of bone mass is achieved between age 18 and 20 although different bones peak at different ages

A

90 to 95%

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10
Q

When does trochanter BMD peak

A

Mid teens

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11
Q

When does femoral neck BMD peak

A

Late teens

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12
Q

When does spine BMD peak

A

Early twenties

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13
Q

The sum of the data values divided by the number of values

A

Mean value

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14
Q

The distribution of values around their mean

A

Standard deviation

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15
Q

This is calculated by dividing the standard deviation by the mean

A

Coefficient of variation

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16
Q

This is used to compare variability between 2 datasets whether or not to have the same mean

A

Percent CV

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17
Q

Refers to the ability of the system to measure the true value of an object

A

Accuracy

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18
Q

Refers to the ability of the system to reproduce the same measurement of the same object in repeat measurements

A

Precision

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19
Q

Blank percent CV indicates better precision

A

Smaller

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20
Q

Indicates how the patient’s BMD value corresponds to the peak bone mass of a young reference population express as a positive or negative value

A

T score

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21
Q

Indicates how patients BMD value corresponds to an age and sex matched population

A

Z score

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22
Q

Process of bone absorption and formation

A

Bone remodeling

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23
Q

Bone mass ? when reabsorption is faster than formation

A

Decreases

24
Q

What is the optimal range for calcium in the blood

A

9.0 and 10.1 picograms per milliliter

25
Q

Enzyme produced by bone and the liver

A

Alkaline phosphatase

26
Q

The 3 most common tests used to measure the bone formation phase of remodeling from blood sample

A

Alkaline phosphatase osteocalcin and procollagen type one propeptide

27
Q

3 most common test used to measure the bone resorption phase of remodeling

A

N-telopeptide, c-teleopeptide, and deoxypyridinoline

28
Q

Overproduction of T3 and T4 thyroid hormone

A

Hyperthyroidism

29
Q

Excess of parathyroid hormone due to overactive parathyroid glands

A

Hyperparathyroidism

30
Q

Caused by a benign adenoma one of the 4 parathyroid glands

A

Primary hyperparathyroidism

31
Q

Caused by chronic kidney failure or a calcium malabsorption problem

A

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

32
Q

Bone softening disease caused by deficiency in vitamin D the adult form of rickets

A

Osteomalacia

33
Q

Chronic disorder that results in enlarged and mishaping bones bones. This is caused by excessive Resorpson and formation of bone followed by disorganized bone remodeling

A

Pagets disease

34
Q

Also called brittle bone disease this is a group of congenital genetic disorders of collagen type one production which affects the development of connective tissues and bones

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

35
Q

A very rare inherited connective tissue disorder, it occurs and only one out of 2 million people.. Malformations of the great toes are present at birth

A

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva

36
Q

Most common form of primary bone cancer in children, adolescents and young adults. It occurs near areas of bone growth among bones

A

Osteosarcoma

37
Q

The 2nd most common type of bone cancer and children typically found in the pelvis And large long bones

A

Ewings sarcoma

38
Q

Benign overgrowth of the cartilage near where cartilage forms bone

A

Osteochondroma

39
Q

A degenerative form of joint disease that occurs when cartilage in the joint breaks down or wears away

A

Osteoarthritis

40
Q

An auto immune disease that causes chronic inflammation of of joint tissue

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

41
Q

An inflammatory autoimmune arthritis affected mainly the lower spine as well as the joints articulating with the pelvis including the hips and sacrum

A

Ankylosing Spondylitis

42
Q

A congenital neural tube defect described as the incomplete development of the brain spinal cord and meninges

A

Spina bifida

43
Q

Sideways curvature of the spine may develop as a single curve to one side resembling the letter C Or as a double curve resembling an S

A

Scoliosis

44
Q

A deformity in which a sideways curve of the spine is caused by a defect present at birth

A

Congenital scoliosis

45
Q

Occurs as a result of disease such as muscular dystrophy cerebral palsy spina bifida and polio. Muscles on one side of the body are stronger or weaker than the other side causing abnormal coverage and twisting of the spine

A

Neuromuscular Scoliosis

46
Q

Most common type of scaliosis and children and adolescents occurring during growth spurts but before puberty. Commonly defined by more than a 10ﾟ of lateral curvature and may also involve a slight rotation

A

Idiopathic scoliosis

47
Q

More common in adult due to defect in the facet joints. Enlargement on the concave side of the curve

A

Degenerative scoliosis

48
Q

An extreme forward curvature of the spawn

A

Kyohosis

49
Q

The WHO criteria for osteoporosis apply to

A

Postmenopausal Caucasian women

50
Q

Primary osteoporosis may be exacerbated by

A

A secondary decrease in vitamin D production

51
Q

Which metabolic condition manifest as a reduction in cortical bone density

A

Hyperparathyroidism

52
Q

Pageants disease is characterized by

A

Cortical thickening

53
Q

Osteocondronomas Are

A

Found near growth plates

54
Q

May result in a fused vertebrae

A

Ankylosing spondylities

55
Q

Unseparated malformed vertebral segments

A

Congenital kyphosis

BD Study Guide (15 decks)

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