Module 3 Flashcards
Increased fractures because of decreased bone mass and deterioration of the microarchitecture of the bone . A common metabolic disorder
Osteoporosis
When does bone loss begin
After peak bone age
A disease characterized by low bone mass
osteoporosis
What reference data is considered the standard reference for comparison of all bone density measurements
NHANES
This type of primary osteoporosis is an accelerated loss of bone density that occurs in postmenopausal women due to estrogen deficiency
Type One primary osteoporosis
This type is also called senile or age associated primary osteoporosis occurs in both the women and men age 70 year older and results in a long slow loss a bone
Type 2 primary osteoporosis
Primary osteoporosis is associated with
Age
Caused by one or more diseases or conditions
Secondary osteoporosis
For women what percent of bone mass is achieved between age 18 and 20 although different bones peak at different ages
90 to 95%
When does trochanter BMD peak
Mid teens
When does femoral neck BMD peak
Late teens
When does spine BMD peak
Early twenties
The sum of the data values divided by the number of values
Mean value
The distribution of values around their mean
Standard deviation
This is calculated by dividing the standard deviation by the mean
Coefficient of variation
This is used to compare variability between 2 datasets whether or not to have the same mean
Percent CV
Refers to the ability of the system to measure the true value of an object
Accuracy
Refers to the ability of the system to reproduce the same measurement of the same object in repeat measurements
Precision
Blank percent CV indicates better precision
Smaller
Indicates how the patient’s BMD value corresponds to the peak bone mass of a young reference population express as a positive or negative value
T score
Indicates how patients BMD value corresponds to an age and sex matched population
Z score
Process of bone absorption and formation
Bone remodeling
Bone mass ? when reabsorption is faster than formation
Decreases
What is the optimal range for calcium in the blood
9.0 and 10.1 picograms per milliliter
Enzyme produced by bone and the liver
Alkaline phosphatase
The 3 most common tests used to measure the bone formation phase of remodeling from blood sample
Alkaline phosphatase osteocalcin and procollagen type one propeptide
3 most common test used to measure the bone resorption phase of remodeling
N-telopeptide, c-teleopeptide, and deoxypyridinoline
Overproduction of T3 and T4 thyroid hormone
Hyperthyroidism
Excess of parathyroid hormone due to overactive parathyroid glands
Hyperparathyroidism
Caused by a benign adenoma one of the 4 parathyroid glands
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Caused by chronic kidney failure or a calcium malabsorption problem
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Bone softening disease caused by deficiency in vitamin D the adult form of rickets
Osteomalacia
Chronic disorder that results in enlarged and mishaping bones bones. This is caused by excessive Resorpson and formation of bone followed by disorganized bone remodeling
Pagets disease
Also called brittle bone disease this is a group of congenital genetic disorders of collagen type one production which affects the development of connective tissues and bones
Osteogenesis imperfecta
A very rare inherited connective tissue disorder, it occurs and only one out of 2 million people.. Malformations of the great toes are present at birth
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva
Most common form of primary bone cancer in children, adolescents and young adults. It occurs near areas of bone growth among bones
Osteosarcoma
The 2nd most common type of bone cancer and children typically found in the pelvis And large long bones
Ewings sarcoma
Benign overgrowth of the cartilage near where cartilage forms bone
Osteochondroma
A degenerative form of joint disease that occurs when cartilage in the joint breaks down or wears away
Osteoarthritis
An auto immune disease that causes chronic inflammation of of joint tissue
Rheumatoid arthritis
An inflammatory autoimmune arthritis affected mainly the lower spine as well as the joints articulating with the pelvis including the hips and sacrum
Ankylosing Spondylitis
A congenital neural tube defect described as the incomplete development of the brain spinal cord and meninges
Spina bifida
Sideways curvature of the spine may develop as a single curve to one side resembling the letter C Or as a double curve resembling an S
Scoliosis
A deformity in which a sideways curve of the spine is caused by a defect present at birth
Congenital scoliosis
Occurs as a result of disease such as muscular dystrophy cerebral palsy spina bifida and polio. Muscles on one side of the body are stronger or weaker than the other side causing abnormal coverage and twisting of the spine
Neuromuscular Scoliosis
Most common type of scaliosis and children and adolescents occurring during growth spurts but before puberty. Commonly defined by more than a 10ﾟ of lateral curvature and may also involve a slight rotation
Idiopathic scoliosis
More common in adult due to defect in the facet joints. Enlargement on the concave side of the curve
Degenerative scoliosis
An extreme forward curvature of the spawn
Kyohosis
The WHO criteria for osteoporosis apply to
Postmenopausal Caucasian women
Primary osteoporosis may be exacerbated by
A secondary decrease in vitamin D production
Which metabolic condition manifest as a reduction in cortical bone density
Hyperparathyroidism
Pageants disease is characterized by
Cortical thickening
Osteocondronomas Are
Found near growth plates
May result in a fused vertebrae
Ankylosing spondylities
Unseparated malformed vertebral segments
Congenital kyphosis
