Module 13 Flashcards
When evaluating total body composition the composition the body is measured by 4 proportions, what are they
Water, protein, minerals, and fat
What are the fat free components of the body
Bone, muscle, other component such as connective and organ tissues, and water
Name all the two-compartment methods used to measure body composition
Hydrodensirometry , skinfold thickness measurements, bio-electric impedance measurement, and air displacement plethysmography
Name the 3 and 4 compartment methods used to measure body composition
Near-infrared interactance and DXA
This value is determined by dividing the weight of the patient in kilograms by their height in squared meters
Body mass index or BMI
BMI below this number is considered underweight
18.5
BMI between these numbers are considered a normal weight
18.5 and 24.9
BMI above this number is considered overweight
25
BMI above this number is considered obesity
30
This method weighs an individual normally and then weighs them again submerged in water
Hydrodensitometry
What formulas are used to calculate hydrodensitometry?
Siri and Brozek
This method obtains an estimated percentage of body fat by utilizing a caliper to measure the skin fold thickness of an individual in specific locations
Skin fold thickness
What sites are used to obtain skinfold thickness
Abdomen, the triceps, chest, midaxillary line, and thigh. The subscapular and suprailiac sites can be used to
What formula is used to obtain skin fold thickness measurements
Jackson and Pollock
This method of measurement can have the subject laying on the table with electros hooked up to their arms or legs or have the patient standing without shoes or socks on a metal plate
Bio electric impedance analysis
This method of measurement has individuals placed within an oval chamber or the volume of air displacement can be measured exactly
Air displacement plethysmography
This method uses an infrared spectroscopy probe to measure body composition
Near infrared interactance
What 4 compartments can DXA divide the body When measuring for body composition
Bone, muscle, fat, and skin
Which 2 methods are considered the most accurate
DXA and hydrodensitometry
What 3 groups of people are body composition scans divided into
HIV patients that are taking antiretroviral agents, bariatric patients expecting weight loss that exceeds 10% of total weight, pts with musculoskeletal weakness
Which 2 HIV drugs Show side effects of an increase in lean body mass
Stavudine and Zidovudine
What percentage of the American population is overweight
62%
What percentage of Americans are obese
26%
What is the medical term for loss of muscle mass as well as loss of muscle function
Sarcopenia
30% of people over 60 years of age and 50% of people over the age of 80 suffer this
Sarcopenia
RSMI
Relative skeletal muscle index
How is RSMI calculated
By dividing the appendicular skeletal muscle value by the height in meters, the value is then squared
For a diagnosis of sarcopenia the RSMI value for men and women should be below what numbers
Men below 7.26, women below 5.45
These diseases all cause weakness and muscle wasting, 5 mentioned
Duchenne, Becker, Emery-Dreifuss, Limb-Griddle, and Myotonic muscular dystrophy
The 2015 ISCD official positions recommend total fat mass results should be within what percent for precision testing results
3%
The 2015 ISC D official positions recommend for both total lean mass and percent fat mass the result should be within what percent for precision testing results
2%
How should the arms be positioned at the patient side for a body composition scan
Palms facing downward
What ROI placements are separated with a body composition test
Head, trunk, arms, legs, and total body
According to NHANES, what age range are these datas good for
All races age of 8 and 85
Males demonstrate a low mean body fat of what percent between age 16 to 19
22.9%
Males show a higher mean body fat of what percent between age 60 and 79
30.9%
The female body fat range was lowest at what percent at age 8 to 11
32.0%
The female body fat range increased to what percentage between age 60 to 79
42.4%
What regions is the percent of fat separated into, 6 answers
Android, gynoid, arms, trunk, legs, and total
How is percent fat value calculated
Dividing the regional fat in grams by the sum of BMC and tissues in grams, the result is then multiplied by 100
This region is located to the mid section
Android
This region is located around the hips and thighs
Gynoid
What are the 2 fat types
Subcutaneous fats and visceral fats
These fats are found just underneath the skin
Subcutaneous
These fats are deeper in the body and surround the internal organs
Visceral
For optimal health men should not drop below what percent of body fat
5%
For optimal health women should not drop below what percent of body fat
12%
This analysis can be obtained by adding the lean mass and bone mineral content in kilograms, then dividing them by height and inches squared
Lean mass index
This is the amount of lean mass in the arms and legs not including bone
Appendicular Lean Mass or ALM
This is also known as resting energy expenditure, it is the estimated calorie requirement for the body to maintain a functional level of energy while performing minimal task for a day
Resting metabolic rate or RMR
All reports should be calculated based on the total body including the head and provide what 7 measurements
BMI, BMD, BMC, total mass, total lean mass, total fat mass, and percent fat mass
What body composition test uses Archimedes principle to obtain results
Underwater weighing
When using the Siri or Brozek formulas, a decrease in BMD can result in
Over estimation of body fat percent
The difference in mean body fat between men and women increase to 12% between the ages of
16 to 19
