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BD Study Guide > Module 13 > Flashcards

Module 13 Flashcards

1
Q

When evaluating total body composition the composition the body is measured by 4 proportions, what are they

A

Water, protein, minerals, and fat

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2
Q

What are the fat free components of the body

A

Bone, muscle, other component such as connective and organ tissues, and water

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3
Q

Name all the two-compartment methods used to measure body composition

A

Hydrodensirometry , skinfold thickness measurements, bio-electric impedance measurement, and air displacement plethysmography

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4
Q

Name the 3 and 4 compartment methods used to measure body composition

A

Near-infrared interactance and DXA

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5
Q

This value is determined by dividing the weight of the patient in kilograms by their height in squared meters

A

Body mass index or BMI

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6
Q

BMI below this number is considered underweight

A

18.5

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7
Q

BMI between these numbers are considered a normal weight

A

18.5 and 24.9

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8
Q

BMI above this number is considered overweight

A

25

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9
Q

BMI above this number is considered obesity

A

30

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10
Q

This method weighs an individual normally and then weighs them again submerged in water

A

Hydrodensitometry

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11
Q

What formulas are used to calculate hydrodensitometry?

A

Siri and Brozek

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12
Q

This method obtains an estimated percentage of body fat by utilizing a caliper to measure the skin fold thickness of an individual in specific locations

A

Skin fold thickness

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13
Q

What sites are used to obtain skinfold thickness

A

Abdomen, the triceps, chest, midaxillary line, and thigh. The subscapular and suprailiac sites can be used to

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14
Q

What formula is used to obtain skin fold thickness measurements

A

Jackson and Pollock

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15
Q

This method of measurement can have the subject laying on the table with electros hooked up to their arms or legs or have the patient standing without shoes or socks on a metal plate

A

Bio electric impedance analysis

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16
Q

This method of measurement has individuals placed within an oval chamber or the volume of air displacement can be measured exactly

A

Air displacement plethysmography

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17
Q

This method uses an infrared spectroscopy probe to measure body composition

A

Near infrared interactance

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18
Q

What 4 compartments can DXA divide the body When measuring for body composition

A

Bone, muscle, fat, and skin

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19
Q

Which 2 methods are considered the most accurate

A

DXA and hydrodensitometry

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20
Q

What 3 groups of people are body composition scans divided into

A

HIV patients that are taking antiretroviral agents, bariatric patients expecting weight loss that exceeds 10% of total weight, pts with musculoskeletal weakness

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21
Q

Which 2 HIV drugs Show side effects of an increase in lean body mass

A

Stavudine and Zidovudine

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22
Q

What percentage of the American population is overweight

A

62%

23
Q

What percentage of Americans are obese

A

26%

24
Q

What is the medical term for loss of muscle mass as well as loss of muscle function

A

Sarcopenia

25
Q

30% of people over 60 years of age and 50% of people over the age of 80 suffer this

A

Sarcopenia

26
Q

RSMI

A

Relative skeletal muscle index

27
Q

How is RSMI calculated

A

By dividing the appendicular skeletal muscle value by the height in meters, the value is then squared

28
Q

For a diagnosis of sarcopenia the RSMI value for men and women should be below what numbers

A

Men below 7.26, women below 5.45

29
Q

These diseases all cause weakness and muscle wasting, 5 mentioned

A

Duchenne, Becker, Emery-Dreifuss, Limb-Griddle, and Myotonic muscular dystrophy

30
Q

The 2015 ISCD official positions recommend total fat mass results should be within what percent for precision testing results

A

3%

31
Q

The 2015 ISC D official positions recommend for both total lean mass and percent fat mass the result should be within what percent for precision testing results

A

2%

32
Q

How should the arms be positioned at the patient side for a body composition scan

A

Palms facing downward

33
Q

What ROI placements are separated with a body composition test

A

Head, trunk, arms, legs, and total body

34
Q

According to NHANES, what age range are these datas good for

A

All races age of 8 and 85

35
Q

Males demonstrate a low mean body fat of what percent between age 16 to 19

A

22.9%

36
Q

Males show a higher mean body fat of what percent between age 60 and 79

A

30.9%

37
Q

The female body fat range was lowest at what percent at age 8 to 11

A

32.0%

38
Q

The female body fat range increased to what percentage between age 60 to 79

A

42.4%

39
Q

What regions is the percent of fat separated into, 6 answers

A

Android, gynoid, arms, trunk, legs, and total

40
Q

How is percent fat value calculated

A

Dividing the regional fat in grams by the sum of BMC and tissues in grams, the result is then multiplied by 100

41
Q

This region is located to the mid section

A

Android

42
Q

This region is located around the hips and thighs

A

Gynoid

43
Q

What are the 2 fat types

A

Subcutaneous fats and visceral fats

44
Q

These fats are found just underneath the skin

A

Subcutaneous

45
Q

These fats are deeper in the body and surround the internal organs

A

Visceral

46
Q

For optimal health men should not drop below what percent of body fat

A

5%

47
Q

For optimal health women should not drop below what percent of body fat

A

12%

48
Q

This analysis can be obtained by adding the lean mass and bone mineral content in kilograms, then dividing them by height and inches squared

A

Lean mass index

49
Q

This is the amount of lean mass in the arms and legs not including bone

A

Appendicular Lean Mass or ALM

50
Q

This is also known as resting energy expenditure, it is the estimated calorie requirement for the body to maintain a functional level of energy while performing minimal task for a day

A

Resting metabolic rate or RMR

51
Q

All reports should be calculated based on the total body including the head and provide what 7 measurements

A

BMI, BMD, BMC, total mass, total lean mass, total fat mass, and percent fat mass

52
Q

What body composition test uses Archimedes principle to obtain results

A

Underwater weighing

53
Q

When using the Siri or Brozek formulas, a decrease in BMD can result in

A

Over estimation of body fat percent

54
Q

The difference in mean body fat between men and women increase to 12% between the ages of

A

16 to 19

BD Study Guide (15 decks)

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