Module 1

Question 1

The assessment of bone health using standard x-rays by imaging the hand and measuring the width of the cortical bone

Answer 1

Radiogrammetry

Question 2

Uses either an isotope which releases photon energy at 2 consistent photo electric peaks or 2 isotopes each release an energy a different photo electric peaks

Answer 2

Dual Photon Absorptiometry DPA

Question 3

Most common isotop used in dpa

Answer 3

Gadolinium-153

Question 4

2 images of a hand were taken using standard X-ray equipment at slightly varying exposures

Answer 4

Radiographic Absorptiometry

Question 5

Uses a single energy photon beam that passes through the bone and tissue of a patient

Answer 5

Single Photon Absorptiometry SPA

Question 6

When was DXA developed

Answer 6

Late 1980s

Question 7

What are the 3-DXA manufacturers

Answer 7

Hologic GE Norland

Question 8

Uses a pencil with columated X-ray bean that moves in a rectilinear pattern along the detectors

Answer 8

Pencil beam

Question 9

Features a small linear collimator with an array of detectors that capture A-line of data as it moves along the patient

Answer 9

Fan beam

Question 10

Provides a 3 dimensional or volumetric measurement of bone density

Answer 10

Quantitative Computed Tomography

Question 11

Measures either the speed of sound or broadband ultrasound attenuation

Answer 11

Quantitative ultrasound

Question 12

What is the region of interest of VFA

Answer 12

T4-L5

Question 13

Which manufacturers uses K edge filters

Answer 13

GE

Norland

Question 14

Which manufacturer uses a different technique to create the 2 distinct photoelectric peaks

Answer 14

Hologic

Question 15

At what KVP range does hologic use to create 2 separate beans with distinct photologic peaks

Answer 15

100-140

Question 16

Which manufacturer uses pencil beam

Answer 16

Norland

Question 17

ISC D

Answer 17

International society for Clinical Densitometry

Question 18

Use to diagnose osteoporosis in men older than 50 years of age and women who are postmenopausal

Answer 18

T-score

Question 19

Used to measure fractures can younger men children and women who are pre menopausal

Answer 19

Z-score

Question 20

T score between negative 1.0 standard deviations and negative 2.5 standard deviations

Answer 20

Osteopenia or low bone mass

Question 21

T score of negative 2.5 standard deviations or lower

Answer 21

Osteoporosis

Question 22

Measured as the mass of mineral per volume of bone

Answer 22

Bone mineral density

Question 23

Total amount of mineral in the patient’s bones

Answer 23

Bone mineral content

Question 24

Passed in Congress in 1997

Answer 24

The bone mass measurement act

Question 25

The ability of a measurement to match the accepted reference value

Answer 25

Accuracy

Question 26

Result of inconsistent results in which the same patient or Phantom might be measured in the same way several times but yields different results each time

Answer 26

Precision error

Question 27

Measurement is how close it is to the actual correct value of the variable it is measuring

Answer 27

Truness

Question 28

Comparison between serial measurements of the same object or person

Answer 28

Precision

Question 29

The minimum measure change in bone mineral density that is needed to be certain that a true change in the bone mineral value has taken place

Answer 29

LSC least significant change

Question 30

Factors affecting bone density

Answer 30

Age gender ethnicity heredity disease process medications and lifestyle choices

Question 31

NHANES III

Answer 31

National health and nutrition examination survey

Question 32

Which DXA manufacturer uses the terminology LVA instead of VFA

Answer 32

GE

Question 33

Which manufacturers use external calibration

Answer 33

Norland and GE

Question 34

The national health and nutrition examination survey database should be used as a reference standard for

Answer 34

Hip t score