Module 1 Flashcards
The assessment of bone health using standard x-rays by imaging the hand and measuring the width of the cortical bone
Radiogrammetry
Uses either an isotope which releases photon energy at 2 consistent photo electric peaks or 2 isotopes each release an energy a different photo electric peaks
Dual Photon Absorptiometry DPA
Most common isotop used in dpa
Gadolinium-153
2 images of a hand were taken using standard X-ray equipment at slightly varying exposures
Radiographic Absorptiometry
Uses a single energy photon beam that passes through the bone and tissue of a patient
Single Photon Absorptiometry SPA
When was DXA developed
Late 1980s
What are the 3-DXA manufacturers
Hologic GE Norland
Uses a pencil with columated X-ray bean that moves in a rectilinear pattern along the detectors
Pencil beam
Features a small linear collimator with an array of detectors that capture A-line of data as it moves along the patient
Fan beam
Provides a 3 dimensional or volumetric measurement of bone density
Quantitative Computed Tomography
Measures either the speed of sound or broadband ultrasound attenuation
Quantitative ultrasound
What is the region of interest of VFA
T4-L5
Which manufacturers uses K edge filters
GE
Norland
Which manufacturer uses a different technique to create the 2 distinct photoelectric peaks
Hologic
At what KVP range does hologic use to create 2 separate beans with distinct photologic peaks
100-140
Which manufacturer uses pencil beam
Norland
ISC D
International society for Clinical Densitometry
Use to diagnose osteoporosis in men older than 50 years of age and women who are postmenopausal
T-score
Used to measure fractures can younger men children and women who are pre menopausal
Z-score
T score between negative 1.0 standard deviations and negative 2.5 standard deviations
Osteopenia or low bone mass
T score of negative 2.5 standard deviations or lower
Osteoporosis
Measured as the mass of mineral per volume of bone
Bone mineral density
Total amount of mineral in the patient’s bones
Bone mineral content
Passed in Congress in 1997
The bone mass measurement act
The ability of a measurement to match the accepted reference value
Accuracy
Result of inconsistent results in which the same patient or Phantom might be measured in the same way several times but yields different results each time
Precision error
Measurement is how close it is to the actual correct value of the variable it is measuring
Truness
Comparison between serial measurements of the same object or person
Precision
The minimum measure change in bone mineral density that is needed to be certain that a true change in the bone mineral value has taken place
LSC least significant change
Factors affecting bone density
Age gender ethnicity heredity disease process medications and lifestyle choices
NHANES III
National health and nutrition examination survey
Which DXA manufacturer uses the terminology LVA instead of VFA
GE
Which manufacturers use external calibration
Norland and GE
The national health and nutrition examination survey database should be used as a reference standard for
Hip t score
