Module 6 Flashcards
What is the most important aspect of working with visually impaired patients
Ensure the examination room is free of any obstructions or potential hazards
What is the general thought on wait time for a patient who has had contrast
One week
When explaining the procedure what should you include
What the scan measures the amount of radiation exposure where the bone density measurements are taken the duration of the scan what the equipment sounds like and how it moves and any movement or breathing requirements
This is the transmission of energy in the form of electromatic waves or subatomic high energy particles
Radiation
What are some examples of electromagnetic energies
Microwaves infrared light visible light ultraviolet light x-rays
What are the 2 conventional units of measure for analyzing radiation and radioactivity
Conventional units of measure and
International system of units or SI units
What is the basic unit of radiation
The curie
This unit describes the rate at which radioactive atoms decay
Curie
The SI equivalent for the curie is the
BECQUEREL Named after the physicist who discovered radio activity
This unit describes the measurement of gamma ray and X-ray exposure in air
The ROENTGEN, After the one who discovered x-rays
This measures how much radiation is needed to create one charge in 1KG of dry air
ROENTGEN
This is measured by the exposure of any kind of medium to any type of ad noise and radiation
Absorbed dose
RAD
Radiation absorbed dose
The SI unit for the rad is the
Gray Gy
1Gy =
One joule of radiation energy absorbed particular gram of an object
The dose equivalent measurement for radiation exposure to living tissue is
REM roentgen equivalent mean
One rad = Blank rem
1
What is the weighting factor for x-rays
1
What is the weighting factor for alpha particles
20, So 1 rad of alpha particle exposure = 20REM
What is the SI unit for REM
Siervert
One sievert =
100 rem
What are the 4 radiation sources
Air food water and Earth
Types of natural radiation
Cosmic which is released by the sun and stars. Terrestrial can be found in the surrounding soil water and plant life.
Most individuals are exposed to blank MREM of natural radiation each day
0.5 to 0.8
Name the types of radiation that can pass through the skin and modify the atoms in human tissue damaging cells
Ultraviolet light
x-rays
gamma rays
What are 3 factors that influence the potential for damage From ionizing radiation
The amount of radiation exposure, the length of time of exposure, and the type of ionizing radiation
This effect occurs when the direct electron bombards and breaks the bond of cellular DNA
Direct
This effect happens when the displaced electron collapse with the water molecule causing a chemical reaction that produces free radicals in the cell
Indirect
What are examples of radio sensitive cells
Lymphocytes, bone marrow cells, and gonadal germ cells
What are some radioresistant cells
Red blood cells, liver cells, and nerve cells
What are somatic cells
All cells other than the reproductive cells
What are gonadal cells
Reproductive cells
This is the total radiation absorbed by the skin at the point where the radiation enters the patient’s body
Entrance skin Dose
This is a more precise measurement that takes into account the radio sensitivity of organs and tissues and scanning details
Effective dose
What is the effective dose for DXA per exam depending on the equipment in site’s scan
0.01 - 0.1MREM
These types of scanners have very good precision in decreased patient dose but the scanning time is much longer and images have a lower resolution
Pencil beam
these scanners offer a much shorter scan time and increase the resolution but at the expense of patient dose and the precision of the scan
Fan beam
What is the relatively safe distance for Pencil beam equipment
1m or more
What is a relatively safe distance from my fan beam scanner
3m or more
Who is responsible for key patient preparation procedures before the examination
The BD technologist
What is the only absolute contraindication to DXA scan
Surgical or other alterations of all measurable sites
Which Electromagnetic radiation has the highest frequency in shortest wavelength
Gamma
One sievert = blank rem
100
What is the most common late effect of radiation
Cancer
