Module 7 Flashcards
Overjustification effect
intrinsic motivation is diminished when extrinsic motivation is given (getting paid for something you used to do for fun)
William James
considered the father of psychology in the US; studied instincts
Drive theory
deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs which result in drive states that direct behavior to meet the need and bring the system back to homeostasis
Yerkes-Dodson law
a simple task is performed best when arousal levels are relatively high and complex tasks are best performed when arousal levels are lower
Self-efficacy
an individual’s belief in her own capability to complete a task, which may include a previous successful completion of the exact task or a similar task
Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
spans the spectrum of motives ranging from the biological to the individual to the social
(self-transcendence: meaning and purpose beyond self)
self-actualization: inner fulfillment
esteem: self-worth, accomplishment, confidence
social: family, friendship, intimacy, belonging
security: safety, employment, assets
physiological: food, water, shelter, warmth
Satiation
fullness and satisfaction, and their eating behavior stops
Set-point energy
each individual has an ideal body weight which is resistant to change
Lateral (sides) vs ventral medial (lower middle) hypothalamus
lateral increases hunger; ventral medial stops hunger; damage to ventral causes a person to keep eating even if they shouldn’t
Parts of the brain that affect sexual motivation
Limbi system, amygdala, nucleus accumbens
Emotion
a subjective state of being that we often describe as our feelings; consciously experienced and intentional
Mood
a prolonged, less intense, affective state that does not occur in response to something we experience; may not be consciously recognized
James-Lange theory
asserts that emotions arise from physiological arousal
snake > heart rate increase > fear
Cannon-Bard theory
physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously, yet independently
snake > heart rate increase and fear (same time but independent of each other)
Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
physiological arousal is interpreted in context to produce the emotional experience
snake > nervous system activation > fear > experience
