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Psychology CLEP > Module 10 > Flashcards

Module 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

Primary appraisal

A

looks at the stressor to see what damage it can cause

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2
Q

Secondary appraisal

A

looks at ways to handle the stressor (minimize symptoms)

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3
Q

Eustress

A

a good kind of stress

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4
Q

General adaptation syndrome

A

Hans Selye; the body’s nonspecific physiological response to stress; three stages: alarm reaction, stage of resistance, and stage of exhaustion

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5
Q

Alarm reaction

A

describes the body’s immediate reaction upon facing a threatening situation or emergency

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6
Q

Stage of resistance

A

the initial shock of alarm reaction has worn off and the body has adapted to the stressor

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7
Q

Stage of exhaustion

A

the person is no longer able to adapt to the stressor: the body’s ability to resist becomes depleted

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8
Q

Cortisol

A

commonly known as a stress hormone

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9
Q

Job burnout

A

3 dimensions: exhaustion, depersonalization, diminished personal accomplishment

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10
Q

Psychophysiological disorders

A

physical disorders or diseases whose symptoms are brought about or worsened by stress and emotional factors

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11
Q

Psychoneuroimmunology

A

studies how psychological factors such as stress influence the immune system and immune functioning

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12
Q

Lymphocytes

A

white blood cells that circulate in the body’s fluids that are important in the immune response

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13
Q

Hypertension

A

high blood pressure

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14
Q

Lazarus and Folkman’s 2 kinds of coping

A

problem-focused and emotion-focused

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15
Q

Problem-focused coping

A

one attempts to manage or alter the problem that is causing one to experience stress

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16
Q

Emotion-focused coping

A

consists of efforts to change or reduce the negative emotions associated with stress

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17
Q

Biofeedback

A

Gary Schwartz; uses electronic equipment to accurately measure a person’s neuromuscular and autonomic activity

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18
Q

3 elements of happiness

A

pleasant life, good life, meaningful life

19
Q

Pleasant life

A

realized through the attainment of day-to-day pleasures that add fun, joy, and excitement to our lives

20
Q

Good life

A

achieved through identifying our unique skills and abilities and engaging these talents to enrich our lives

21
Q

Meaningful life

A

involves a deep sense of fulfillment that comes from using our talents in the service of the greater good

22
Q

Positive affect

A

pleasurable engagement with the environment, such as happiness, joy, enthusiasm, alertness, and excitement

23
Q

Psychopathology

A

the study of psychological disorders, including their symptoms, etiology, and treatment

24
Q

Etiology

A

causes of a psychological disorder

25
Q

Diathesis-stress model

A

integrates biological and psychosocial factors to predict the likelihood of a disorder

26
Q

3 major learning pathways of phobias according to Rachman

A

classical conditioning, vicarious learning (modeling), verbal transmission

27
Q

Locus coeruleus

A

the brain’s major source of norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter that triggers the body’s fight-or-flight response

28
Q

Persistent depressive disorder

A

previously known as dysthymia; chronically sad and melancholy, but do not meet all the criteria for major depression

29
Q

Flight of ideas

A

abruptly switching from one topic to another

30
Q

Rumination

A

the repetitive and passive focus on the fact that one is depressed and dwelling on depressed symptoms

31
Q

Schizophrenia

A

major disturbances in thought, perception, emotion, and behavior to the point where they are not able to function normally in life

32
Q

Catatonic behaviors

A

show decreased reactivity to the environment, such as posturing, in which the person maintains a rigid and bizarre posture for long periods of time

33
Q

Dopamine hypothesis

A

proposed that an overabundance of dopamine or too many dopamine receptors are responsible for the onset and maintenance of schizophrenia

34
Q

Ventricles

A

people with schizophrenia have enlarged ventricles

35
Q

Dissociative amnesia

A

unable to recall important personal information, usually following an extremely stressful or traumatic experience

36
Q

Dissociative fugue

A

sometimes caused by dissociative amnesia; they suddenly wander away from their home, experience confusion about their identity, and sometimes even adopt a new identity

37
Q

Dissociative identity disorder

A

formerly called multiple personality disorder; exhibit two or more separate personalities or identities, each well-defined and distinct from one another; Sybil book and movie about person with 16 personalities

38
Q

Cluster A personality disorders

A

a personality style that is odd or eccentric

paranoid personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, and schizotypal personality disorder

39
Q

Cluster B personality disorders

A

impulsive, overly dramatic, highly emotional, and erratic

antisocial personality disorder, histrionic personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, and borderline personality disorder

40
Q

Cluster C personality disorders

A

appear to be nervous and fearful

avoidant personality disorder, dependent personality disorder, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (which is not the same thing as obsessive-compulsive disorder)

41
Q

Schizoid (A)

A

lacks interest and desire to form relationships with others; aloof and shows emotional coldness and detachment

42
Q

Schizotypal (A)

A

exhibits eccentricities in thought, perception, emotion, speech, and behavior; shows suspiciousness or paranoia

43
Q

Histrionic (B)

A

excessively overdramatic, emotional, and theatrical

44
Q

Neurodevelopmental disorders

A

developmental problems in personal, social, academic, and intellectual functioning

Psychology CLEP (13 decks)

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