Module 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

Social psychology

A

examines how people affect one another, and it looks at the power of the situation

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2
Q

Situationism

A

the view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings

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3
Q

Dispositionism

A

our behavior is determined by internal factors

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4
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

tendency to overemphasize internal factors as attributions for behavior and underestimate the power of the situation

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5
Q

Actor-observer bias

A

the phenomenon of attributing other people’s behavior to internal factors (fundamental attribution error) while attributing our own behavior to situational forces

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6
Q

Self-serving bias

A

tendency of an individual to take credit by making dispositional or internal attributions for positive outcomes but situational or external attributions for negative outcomes

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7
Q

Just-world hypothesis

A

the belief that people get the outcomes they deserve

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8
Q

Cognitive dissonance

A

psychological discomfort arising from holding two or more inconsistent attitudes, behaviors, or cognitions (thoughts, beliefs, or opinions)

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9
Q

Central route

A

logic driven and uses data and facts to convince people of an argument’s worthiness

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10
Q

Peripheral route

A

an indirect route that uses peripheral cues to associate positivity with the message

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11
Q

Confederate

A

a person who is aware of the experiment and works for the researcher

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12
Q

Asch effect

A

the influence of the group majority on an individual’s judgment

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13
Q

Normative social influence

A

people conform to the group norm to fit in, to feel good, and to be accepted by the group

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14
Q

Informational social influence

A

people conform because they believe the group is competent and has the correct information, particularly when the task or situation is ambiguous

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15
Q

Group polarization

A

the strengthening of an original group attitude after the discussion of views within a group

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16
Q

Social facilitation

A

occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone

17
Q

Scapegoating

A

the act of blaming an out-group when the in-group experiences frustration or is blocked from obtaining a goal

18
Q

Instrumental aggression

A

motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain; a contract killer who murders for hire is an example

19
Q

Prosocial behavior

A

voluntary behavior with the intent to help other people

20
Q

Altruism

A

people’s desire to help others even if the costs outweigh the benefits of helping

21
Q

Triangular theory of love

A

Sternberg; model of love based on three components: intimacy, passion, and commitment; several types of love exist, depending on the presence or absence of each of these components

22
Q

Consummate love

A

healthy relationship will have all three components of love—intimacy, passion, and commitment

23
Q

Companionate love

A

characteristic of close friendships and family relationships; consists of intimacy and commitment but no passion

24
Q

Romantic love

A

defined by having passion and intimacy, but no commitment

25
Q

Social exchange theory

A

we act as naïve economists in keeping a tally of the ratio of costs and benefits of forming and maintaining a relationship with others