Module 11

Question 1

Who created the first mental asylums in the US and lobbied for change in the way the mentally ill were cared for in the 19th century?

Answer 1

Dorothy Dix

Question 2

Deinstitutionalization

Answer 2

the closing of large asylums, by providing for people to stay in their communities and be treated locally

Question 3

Psychotherapy

Answer 3

psychological treatment that employs various methods to help someone overcome personal problems, or to attain personal growth

Question 4

Psychodynamic psychotherapy

Answer 4

talk therapy based on belief that the unconscious and childhood conflicts impact behavior; patient talks about past

Question 5

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Answer 5

work to change cognitive distortions and self-defeating behaviors; patient learns to identify self-defeating behaviors to overcome an eating disorder

Question 6

Humanistic therapy

Answer 6

increase self-awareness and acceptance through focus on conscious thoughts; patient learns to articulate thoughts that keep them from achieving their goals

Question 7

Free association

Answer 7

patient relaxes and then says whatever comes to mind at the moment

Question 8

Transference

Answer 8

the patient transfers all the positive or negative emotions associated with the patient’s other relationships to the psychoanalyst

Question 9

Psychoanalysis

Answer 9

developed by Sigmund Freud; first form of psychotherapy; therapists help their patients look into their past to uncover repressed feelings

Question 10

Counterconditioning

Answer 10

a client learns a new response to a stimulus that has previously elicited an undesirable behavior; 2 versions are aversive conditioning and exposure therapy

Question 11

Aversive conditioning

Answer 11

uses an unpleasant stimulus to stop an undesirable behavior

Question 12

Exposure therapy

Answer 12

Mary Cover Jones; a therapist seeks to treat clients’ fears or anxiety by presenting them with the object or situation that causes their problem, with the idea that they will eventually get used to it

Question 13

Systemic desensitization

Answer 13

a calm and pleasant state is gradually associated with increasing levels of anxiety-inducing stimuli

Question 14

Cognitive therapy

Answer 14

Aaron Beck; a form of psychotherapy that focuses on how a person’s thoughts lead to feelings of distress

Question 15

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

Answer 15

helps clients examine how their thoughts affect their behavior; aims to change cognitive distortions and self-defeating behaviors

Question 16

Humanistic therapy

Answer 16

helps people become more self-aware and accepting of themselves; focuses on conscious instead of unconscious like psychoanalysis

Question 17

Rogerian/client-centered/nondirective therapy

Answer 17

a therapeutic approach in which the therapist does not give advice or provide interpretations but helps the person to identify conflicts and understand feelings; active listening; unconditional positive regard

Question 18

Antipsychotics

Answer 18

treat schizophrenia; treat positive psychotic symptoms such as auditory and visual hallucinations, delusions, and paranoia by blocking the neurotransmitter dopamine

Question 19

Atypical antipsychotics

Answer 19

treat schizophrenia; treat the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, such as withdrawal and apathy, by targeting both dopamine and serotonin receptors; newer medications may treat both positive and negative symptoms

Question 20

Anti-depressants

Answer 20

treat depression and sometimes anxiety; alter levels of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and norepinephrine

Question 21

Anti-anxiety agents

Answer 21

treat anxiety and agitation in OCD, PTSD, panic disorder, social phobia; depress central nervous system activity

Question 22

Mood stabilizers

Answer 22

treat bipolar disorder; treat episodes of mania as well as depression

Question 23

Stimulants

Answer 23

treat ADHD; improve ability to focus on a task and maintain attention

Question 24

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Answer 24

involves using an electrical current to induce seizures to help alleviate the effects of severe depression

Question 25

Structural family therapy

Answer 25

the therapist examines and discusses the boundaries and structure of the family

Question 26

Strategic family therapy

Answer 26

the goal is to address specific problems within the family that can be dealt with in a relatively short amount of time