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Psychology CLEP > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Epigenetics

A

studies how the same genotype can be expressed in different ways

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2
Q

2 basic cell types making up the nervous system

A

glial cells and neurons

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3
Q

Glial cells

A

allow neuronal communication, provide insulation to neurons, transport nutrients and waste products

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4
Q

Neurons

A

serve as interconnected information processors that are essential for all of the tasks of the nervous system

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5
Q

Soma

A

body of the cell

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6
Q

Dendrites/axon

A

receive/send signals

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7
Q

Terminal buttons

A

chemical messengers

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8
Q

Synapse

A

space between two neurons

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9
Q

Receptor

A

proteins on the cell surface where neurotransmitters attach

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10
Q

Myelin sheath

A

coats the axon and acts as an insulator, increasing the speed at which the signal travels

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11
Q

Reuptake

A

once the signal is delivered, excess neurotransmitters in the synapse drift away, are broken down into inactive fragments, or are reabsorbed

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12
Q

Biological perspective

A

focus on the physiological causes of behavior; asserts that psychological disorders are associated with imbalances in one or more neurotransmitter systems

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13
Q

Psychotropic medications

A

drugs that treat psychiatric symptoms by restoring neurotransmitter balance

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14
Q

Agonists

A

chemicals that mimic a neurotransmitter at the receptor site and, thus, strengthen its effects

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15
Q

Antagonists

A

blocks or impedes the normal activity of a neurotransmitter at the receptor

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16
Q

Central Nervous System

A

brain and spinal cord

17
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

nerves that connect the CNS to everything else

18
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

part of PNS; conscious or voluntary activities; motor/efferent neurons (away from CNS); sensory/afferent neurons (to the CNS)

19
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

outside the realm of voluntary control; sympathetic (preparing the body for stress-related activities); parasympathetic (returning the body to routine, day-to-day operations)

20
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

the surface of the brain; consciousness, thought, emotion, reasoning, language, and memory

21
Q

Forebrain

A

largest part of the brain; contains cerebral cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and the limbic system

22
Q

4 lobes of the brain

A

frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital

23
Q

Frontal lobe

A

involved in reasoning, motor control, emotion, and language

24
Q

Parietal lobe

A

involved in processing information from the body’s senses

25
Q

Temporal lobe

A

located on the side of the head and is associated with hearing, memory, emotion, and some aspects of language

26
Q

Occipital lobe

A

back of the brain; contains the primary visual cortex, which is responsible for interpreting incoming visual information

27
Q

Thalamus

A

sensory relay; all senses except smell are routed through here before being directed to other areas

28
Q

Limbic system

A

processes emotion and memory; contains hippocampus, thalamus, amygdala, and hypothalamus

29
Q

Hippocampus

A

essential structure for learning and memory

30
Q

Amygdala

A

involved in our experience of emotion and in tying emotional meaning to our memories

31
Q

Hypothalamus

A

regulates a number of homeostatic processes, including the regulation of body temperature, appetite, and blood pressure

32
Q

Reticular formation

A

important in regulating the sleep/wake cycle, arousal, alertness, and motor activity

33
Q

Cerebellum

A

controls balance, coordination, movement, and motor skills

34
Q

Endocrine system

A

glands that produce hormones which are controlled through the hypothalamus and pituitary gland

35
Q

Pituitary gland

A

messenger hormones control all the other glands in the endocrine system

36
Q

Thyroid gland

A

releases hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, and appetite

37
Q

Adrenal glands

A

sit atop our kidneys and secrete hormones involved in the stress response

38
Q

Pancreas

A

secretes hormones that regulate blood sugar levels: insulin and glucagon

39
Q

Gonads

A

secrete sexual hormones, which are important in reproduction, and mediate both sexual motivation and behavior

Psychology CLEP (13 decks)

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