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Hematology 1 [LEC] > MODULE 6 UNIT 1: RED BLOOD CELL ANOMALIES > Flashcards

MODULE 6 UNIT 1: RED BLOOD CELL ANOMALIES Flashcards

1
Q

impaired synthesis
- hemoglobin
- DNA
- heme

A
  • MICROCYTE
  • MACRICYTE
  • Pappenheimer Bodies
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2
Q

excess surface membrane

A

MACRICYTE
Target cells

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3
Q

erythropoietic activity
- stress
- increased
- elevated
- impaired

A
  • MACRICYTE
  • POLYCHROMIA
  • Basophilic Stippling
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4
Q

 more than one color; blue-gray discoloration of a red cell

A

POLYCHROMIA

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5
Q

– absorbs the alkaline stain

A

 RNA remnants

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6
Q

No central pallor

A

HYPERCHROMIA
Spherocytes
Microspherocytes or pyropoikilocytes
Drepanocyte

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7
Q

 sour cells or thorn cells

A

Acanthocytes

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8
Q

 spheroid

A

Acanthocytes

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9
Q

Acanthocytes

 no. of irregular spikes/spicules

A

3-12

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10
Q

o abnormal ratios of membrane lecithin and sphingomyelin

A

Acanthocytes

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11
Q

o increased ratio of cholesterol to lecithin

A

Acanthocytes

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12
Q

 burr cells, crenated cells or sea urchin cells

A

Echinocytes

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13
Q

 red cells with regular 10-30 scalloped short projections

A

Echinocytes

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14
Q

 occur due to depletion of ATP and exposure to hypertonic salt solution

A

Echinocytes

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15
Q

 appear as artifacts in air drying

A

Echinocytes

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16
Q

Poikilocytes secondary to membrane abnormalities

A

a. Acanthocytes
b. Echinocytes
c. Target cells or Codocytes
d. Elliptocytes
e. Ovalocytes
f. Spherocytes
g. Stomatocytes

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17
Q

Poikilocytes secondary to trauma

A

a. Schistocytes/Schizocytes
b. Dacrocytes
c. Microspherocytes or pyropoikilocytes
d. Semi-lunar bodies

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18
Q

Poikilocytes secondary to abnormal hemoglobin content

A

a. Drepanocyte

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19
Q

RED CELL INCLUSIONS

A
  1. Howell-Jolly Bodies
  2. Basophilic Stippling
  3. Cabot Rings
  4. Heinz Bodies
  5. Hb H Inclusions
  6. Hb CC Crystals
  7. Hb SC Crystals
  8. Pappenheimer Bodies
  9. Parasites
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20
Q

MISCELLANEOUS

A
  1. Autoagglutination
  2. Rouleaux Formation
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21
Q

 Mexican hat cells

A

Target cells

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22
Q

 bell or tall hat shaped cells on scanning electron microscope

A

Target cells

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23
Q

 show a peripheral rim of hemoglobin surrounded by a clear area and central hemoglobinized area

A

Target cells

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24
Q

o bull’s eye appearance

A

Target cells

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25
Q

 codocytes

A

Target cells

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26
Q

o due to excess surface membrane to volume ratio or increased cholesterol and phospholipids

A

Target cells

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27
Q

 rod or cigar shaped

A

Elliptocytes

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28
Q

 narrower than ovalocytes

A

Elliptocytes

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29
Q

 Defects in the polymerization of hemoglobin that cause defects in the cytoskeleton or decreased membrane protein band 4.1

A

Elliptocytes

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30
Q

 egg-like or oval-shaped

A

Ovalocytes

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31
Q

 wider than elliptocytes

A

Ovalocytes

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32
Q

 change in shape is due to a bipolar arrangement of hemoglobin or reduction of membrane cholesterol

A

Ovalocytes

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33
Q

 smaller red cells with concentrated hemoglobin

A

Spherocytes

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34
Q

 Defective membrane (spectrin deficiency) that cause the lowest surface area to volume ratio

A

Spherocytes

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35
Q

 Banked blood stored for a long time due to storage lesions

A

Spherocytes

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36
Q

 mouth cells

A

Stomatocytes

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37
Q

hydrocytes

A

Stomatocytes

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38
Q

 slit-like pallor

A

Stomatocytes

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39
Q

 bowl-shaped

A

Stomatocytes

40
Q

cloven or split

A

schistos or schizo

41
Q

 fragmented red cells varying in size and shape

A

Schistocytes/Schizocytes

42
Q

hornlike projections

A

keratocytes/helmet cells

43
Q

– triangular with two (2) pallor areas

A

knizocytes

44
Q

Extreme fragmentation of red cells in Schistocytes/Schizocytes is caused by:

A

o presence of fibrin in the blood vessels
o altered vessel walls
o prosthetic heart valves

45
Q

Schistocytes/Schizocytes two variants

A

keratocytes/helmet cells
knizocytes

46
Q

 tear-drop cells

A

Dacrocytes

47
Q

 pearshaped cells with elongated point or tail

A

Dacrocytes

48
Q

 morphological change happens during squeezing or fragmentation of the red cells during splenic passage

A

Dacrocytes

49
Q

ruptured or fragmented

A

Schistocytes/Schizocytes
Microspherocytes or pyropoikilocytes
Heinz Bodies

50
Q

red blood cells with smaller diameter that ruptures at a much lower temperature (450C) than a normal red cell (fragments at 490C)

A

Microspherocytes or pyropoikilocytes

51
Q

 half-moon/crescent cells

A

Semi-lunar bodies

52
Q

 large, pale pink staining ghosts of the red cells

A

Semi-lunar bodies

53
Q

 form when the red cell membrane is disrupted causing the release of its content

A

Semi-lunar bodies

54
Q

Ghost cells

A

Semi-lunar bodies

55
Q

 sickle cells

A

Drepanocyte

56
Q

 cresentshaped cells

A

Drepanocyte
Semi-lunar bodies

57
Q

 defect lies in the abnormal polymerization of deoxygenated hemoglobin due to the presence of an abnormal hemoglobin compound

A

Drepanocyte

58
Q

dot like inclusions inside red cells

A

Howell-Jolly Bodies

59
Q

 coarse, round densely stained purple granules

A

Howell-Jolly Bodies

60
Q

 1-2 um in size

A

Howell-Jolly Bodies

61
Q

 eccentrically located on the periphery of the red cell membrane

A

Howell-Jolly Bodies

62
Q

 may be found singly or in twos in a singular red cell

A

Howell-Jolly Bodies

63
Q

 nuclear remnants that contain DNA

A

Howell-Jolly Bodies

64
Q

 Causing punctuate basophilia in the red cell

A

Basophilic Stippling

65
Q

 round, dark blue granules that are uniformly distributed

A

Basophilic Stippling

66
Q

 caused by precipitation of ribosomes and RNA in the cell

A

Basophilic Stippling

67
Q

o ↑ polychromatophilia
o ↑ production of red cells

A

Fine stippling

68
Q

: o caused by instability of RNA in a young cell

A

 Coarse stippling

69
Q

thread-like structure inside red cell

A

Cabot Rings

70
Q

may present as rings, loops, or figures of eight

A

Cabot Rings

71
Q

 red to purple in color

A

Cabot Rings

72
Q

 remnants of the microtubules of the mitotic spindle

A

Cabot Rings

73
Q

precipitation of denatured hemoglobin due to oxidative injury

A

Heinz Bodies

74
Q

 2-3 um in size

A

Heinz Bodies
Pappenheimer Bodies

75
Q

 deep purple

A

Heinz Bodies

76
Q

 found on the inner surface of the cell membrane

A

Heinz Bodies

77
Q

 Multiple bodies can give a pitted golf-ball appearance to a cell

A

Heinz Bodies

78
Q

 Only seen supravitally

A

Heinz Bodies
Hb H Inclusions

79
Q

 Precipitation of Hb H is caused by Alpha-thalassemia otherwise known as Hb H disease

A

Hb H Inclusions

80
Q

 appear as clam shells

A

Hb CC Crystals

81
Q

 darkly staining hexagonal crystals with blunt ends

A

Hb CC Crystals

82
Q

 dark-hued crystals of condensed Hb

A

Hb SC Crystals

83
Q

 distort the red cell membrane

A

Hb SC Crystals

84
Q

 A crystal can create a projection that is often straight with parallel sides:
o one blunt end
o one pointed protruding end

A

Hb SC Crystals

85
Q

 resemble a Washington monument shape

A

Hb SC Crystals

86
Q

 siderotic granules

A

Pappenheimer Bodies

87
Q

 represent the unused iron deposits in the body due to defects in heme synthesis

A

Pappenheimer Bodies

88
Q

 irregular blue inclusions

A

Pappenheimer Bodies

89
Q

 aggregate in small clusters near the periphery of the cell

A

Pappenheimer Bodies

90
Q

parasites that can be seen in blood include:

A

o hemoflagellates (Leishmania species and Trypanosoma species)
o malaria (Plasmodium species)
o Babesia species

91
Q

Depending on the stages, they can be distinctly identified when they are present inside the red cells

A

Parasites

92
Q

 a phenomenon when red cells aggregate into random clusters or masses due to exposure to various cell antibodies

A

Autoagglutination

93
Q

 red cells agglutinate in the body’s own plasma or serum that contains no specific known agglutinins

A

Autoagglutination

94
Q

stack of coin arrangement

A

Rouleaux Formation

95
Q

o altered zeta potential

A

Rouleaux Formation

96
Q

o ↑ plasma proteins

A

Rouleaux Formation

Hematology 1 [LEC] (25 decks)

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