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Hematology 1 [LEC] > [DISCUSSION] MODULE 1 > Flashcards

[DISCUSSION] MODULE 1 Flashcards

1
Q

is the scientific study of blood and its components

A

Hematology

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2
Q

is the study of normal and pathologic conditions of blood and blood cells

A
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3
Q

is the division of medicine associated with diagnostic laboratory of the formed elements of blood and their morphologies, blood disorders, and blood forming organs

A

Clinical Hematology

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4
Q

In the Clinical Laboratory, Hematology deals with two concerns

A
  • defining normal and abnormal cells and cell values

- evaluating hemostatic mechanisms that include excessive bleeding, abnormal coagulation and thrombosis

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5
Q

Integral to the field of a Medical Laboratory Scientist is the awareness and management of [?], alongside with [?].

A
  • laboratory safety

- reagent preparation and waste management

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6
Q

is a specialized liquid connective tissue comprising of plasma and formed /cellular elements.

A

Blood

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7
Q

In a tube containing anticoagulated whole blood, centrifugation yields three layers:

the pale-yellow supernatant referred to as
the thin white layer known as the
lastly

A
  • plasma
  • buffy coat
  • packed red cell fraction
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8
Q

Plasma makes up [?] of blood volume.

A

55%

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9
Q

The major constituent of plasma is [?]; followed by [?] and [?].

A
  • water (91.5%)
  • plasma proteins (7%)
  • other solutes (1.5%)
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10
Q

The proteins dissolved in plasma are

A

albumin (54%), globulins (38%), fibrinogen (7%) and the others at 1%.

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11
Q

The other solutes found in plasma are

A

electrolytes, nutrients, gases, regulatory substances and some metabolic waste products

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12
Q

A blood sample in a tube that has no anticoagulant yields [?] as its supernatant after centrifugation.

A

serum

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13
Q

is yellow in color and differs from plasma because of the absence of coagulation proteins such as fibrinogen

A

Serum

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14
Q

or blood cells are a heterogenous group that perform different functions in the body.

A

Hemocytes

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15
Q

Hemocytes:

A

erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes.

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16
Q

o Red cells
o Contains the O2-trasporting pigment called HEMOGLOBIN
o Important for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange

A

Erythrocytes (RBC)

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17
Q

o Responsible for the body’s defenses against foreign bodies

A

Leukocytes (WBC)

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18
Q

o Prevent blood loss from hemorrhage

o Exert their main effect on the blood vessels

A

Thrombocytes (Platelets)

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19
Q

 6 to 8 um in diameter

 Salmon pink

A

Erythrocytes

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20
Q

o For transporting O2 to the tissues

o Contain hemoglobin

A

Salmon pink

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21
Q

 O2-carrying pigment

 Very basic – attracted to acidic dyes

A

hemoglobin

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22
Q

eosin: red to orange

A

hemoglobin

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23
Q

 Buffering blood

 Contains carbonic anhydrase

A

Erythrocytes

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24
Q

o Catalyzes CO2

o Transports CO2 to carbonic acid

A

carbonic anhydrase

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25
Q

 Motile polymorphonuclear cells

A

Granulocytes

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26
Q

o Size: 10-12u in diameter

o 2-5 nuclear lobes and slightly acidophilic

A

Neutrophilic granulocyte

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27
Q

o Size: 10-12u in diameter
o 2 lobes
o Slightly acidophilic

A

Eosinophilic granulocyte

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28
Q

o Functionally and chemically related to mast cells
o Size: 8-10u in diameter
o Kidney-shaped or slightly lobulated nucleus
o Large, deep purple granules in the cytoplasm that usually obscure the nucleus

A

Basophils

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29
Q

 Mononuclear leukocytes

 Size: 12-15u in the large motile type; 7-8u in the small nonmotile type

A

Lymphocytes

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30
Q

Lymphocytes

 Nucleus:
 Chromatic:

A

 Nucleus: Circular; deeply basophilic

 Chromatic: Chunky; occupies all available space

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31
Q

Clear blue rim of cytoplasm (occasional reddish purple

azurophilic granules)

A

Lymphocytes

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32
Q

 Occasionally motile
 Large mononuclear leukocytes originating in the marrow
 Size: 14-19u

A

Monocytes

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33
Q

Monocytes

 Nucleus:
 Cytoplasm:

A

 Nucleus: Lobulated, kidney-bean/horse shoe shaped; pale violet
 Cytoplasm: pale grayish blue, sometimes with irregular border and/or vacuoles

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34
Q

Occasionally containing red-staining

A

Monocytes

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35
Q

 Cytoplasmic fragments of megakaryocytes

A

Platelets

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36
Q

 Cytoplasmic fragments of megakaryocytes

A

Platelets

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37
Q

Platelets Main functions:

A

Hemostatic involvement

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38
Q

FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD

A
  1. Respiratory functions
  2. Buffering Action
  3. Nutritive functions
  4. Maintenance of constant body temperature
  5. Defense against infectious agents
  6. Hemostasis
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39
Q

A. Physical characteristics

a. Color:
b. Sterility:
c. State in circulation:
d. Viscosity:

A

a. Color: Deep red
b. Sterility: Sterile
c. State in circulation: Liquid
d. Viscosity: Viscous

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40
Q

B. Volume of blood % of total body weight

a. Males:
b. Females:

A

a. Males: 75.7 mL/kg

b. Females: 66 mL/kg

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41
Q 
C. Specific Gravity of blood
Whole Blood
a. Males: 
b. Females: 
c. Plasma: 
d. Packed red cells:
A

a. Males: 1.048 – 1.066 – 1.057
b. Females: 1.048 – 1.066 – 1.058
c. Plasma: 1.026 – 1.030
d. Packed red cells: 1.092 – 1.095

42
Q

D. pH

a. Acidemia:
b. Alkalemia:
c. Average for humans
d. Compatible with life

A

D. pH

a. Acidemia: < 7.35
b. Alkalemia: > 7.45
c. Average for humans 7.35 – 7.35
d. Compatible with life 6.8 – 7.8

43
Q

without; absent

A

a-/an-

44
Q

unequal; dissimilar

A

aniso

45
Q

cell

A

cyt

46
Q

abnormal; difficult; bad

A

dys

47
Q

Red

A

erythro

48
Q

iron

A

ferr-/ ferro-

49
Q

pertaining to blood

A

hemo-/hemato

50
Q

above; increased

A

hyper

51
Q

under decreased

A

hypo

52
Q

same; equal

A

iso

53
Q

white

A

leuk-/leuko-

54
Q

large; long

A

macro-

55
Q

very large; huge

A

mega- giant;

56
Q

after; next; change

A

meta

57
Q

small

A

micro-

58
Q

bone marrow

A

myel-/myelo-

59
Q

bone marrow

A

myel-/myelo-

60
Q

normal

A

normo

61
Q

all; overall

A

pan-

62
Q

vein

A

phleb

63
Q

varied; irregular

A

poikilo-

64
Q

varied; irregular

A

poikilo-

65
Q

many

A

poly

66
Q

before

A

pro-

67
Q

split

A

schis

68
Q

hard

A

scler-

69
Q

thrombus

A

thromb-/ thromboclot;

70
Q

youngest; nucleated

A

-blast

71
Q

Colored

A

-chromic

72
Q

cell

A

-cyte

73
Q

in the blood

A

-emia

74
Q

Inflammation

A

-itis

75
Q

destruction; dissolving

A

-lysis

76
Q

disease

A

-opathy

77
Q

abnormal increase; disease

A

-osis

78
Q

decreased; deficiency

A

-penia

79
Q

attracted to; affinity for; increased

A

-phil/-philia/-philic

80
Q

formation; cell production or repair

A

-plasia/ -plastic

81
Q

cell production, formation, and development

A

poiesis

82
Q

stimulates production

A

-poietin

83
Q

Erythropoietin

A

erythro Red

poietin Stimulates production

84
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

hemato Pertaining to blood

poiesis cell production, formation, and development

85
Q

Megaloblast

A

megalo giant; very large; huge

blast youngest; nucleated

86
Q

Aplastic anemia

A

a without; absent
plastic formation; cell production or repair
an without; absent
emia in the blood

87
Q

Leokoerythroblastosis

A

leuko White
erythro Red
blast Immature
osis abnormal increase; disease

88
Q

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

A 
idiopathic Unknown cause
thrombo clot; thrombus
cyto Cell
penic decreased; deficiency
purpura purple
89
Q

RBC, male

A

4.20–6.00

90
Q

RBC, female

A

3.80–5.20

91
Q

HGB, male

A

13.5–18.0 (135–180)

92
Q

HGB, female

A

12.0–15.0 (120–150)

93
Q

HCT, male

A

40–54

0.40–0.54

94
Q

HCT, female

A

35–49

0.35–0.49

95
Q

WBC

A

3.6–10.6

96
Q

NEUT (ANC)

A

1.7–7.5

97
Q

LYMPH

A

1.0–3.2

98
Q

MONO

A

0.1–1.3

99
Q

EO

A

0–0.3

100
Q

BASO

A

0–0.2

101
Q

PLT

A

150–450

102
Q

N. bands

A

9–32

Hematology 1 [LEC] (25 decks)

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