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Medical Terms > Module 5 - Vocabulary > Flashcards

Module 5 - Vocabulary Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Absorption

A

Passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream

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2
Q

Amino acids

A

Small building blocks of proteins (links in chain), released when proteins are digested

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3
Q

Amylase

A

Enzymes (-ase) secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch (amyl/o)

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4
Q

Anus

A

Terminal end of opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body

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5
Q

Appendix

A

Blind pouch hanging from the cecum (in the right lower quadrant). Literally means hanging (pend/o) onto (ap-, which is a form of ad-)

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6
Q

Bile

A

Digestive juice made in liver and stored in gallbladder. It breaks up (emulsifies) large fat globules. Bile originally was called gall. It is composed of bile pigments (coloured materials), cholesterol, and bile salts

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7
Q

Bilirubin

A

Pigment released by the liver in bile

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8
Q

Bowel

A

Intestine

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9
Q

Canine teeth

A

Pointed, dog-like teeth next to the incisors. Aka cuspids or eyeteeth

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10
Q

Cecum

A

First part of large intestine

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11
Q

Colon

A

Portion of the large intestine consisting of the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid segments

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12
Q

Common bile duct

A

Carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum. Aka choledochus

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13
Q

Defecation

A

Elimination of feces Fromm the digestive tract through the anus

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14
Q

Deglutition

A

Swallowing

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15
Q

Dentin

A

Primary material found in teeth. It’s covered by the enamel in the crown and a protective layer of cementum in the root

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16
Q

Digestion

A

Breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms

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17
Q

Duodenum

A

First part of the small intestine
Duo=2
Den=10
It is 12 inches long

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18
Q

Elimination

A

Act of removal of materials from the body; in the digestive system, the removal of indigestible materials as feces

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19
Q

Emulsification

A

Physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules, thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest fat

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20
Q

Enamel

A

Hard, outermost layer of tooth

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21
Q

Enzyme

A

Chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances. Digestive enzymes break down complex foods to simpler substances.

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22
Q

Esophagus

A

Tube connecting the throat to the stomach

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23
Q

Fatty acids

A

Substances produced when fats are digested. Fatty acids are a category of lipids

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24
Q

Feces

A

Solid waste

25
Q

Gallbladder

A

Small sac under the liver; stores bile

26
Q

Glucose

A

Simple sugar

27
Q

Glycogen

A

Starch; glucose is stored in form of glycogen in liver cells

28
Q

Hydrochloric scud

A

Substance produced in the stomach; necessary for digestion in foods

29
Q

Ileum

A

Third part of small intestine.

30
Q

Incisor

A

Any one of four front teeth in dental arch

31
Q

Insulin

A

Hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas. It transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver

32
Q

Jejunum

A

Second part of the small intestine.

33
Q

Lipase

A

Pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats

34
Q

Liver

A

Large organ located in RUQ of abdomen. Secretes bile; stores sugar, iron, and vitamins; produces blood proteins; destroys worn-out red blood cells; and fills out toxins.

35
Q

Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

A

Ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach

Aka cardiac sphincter

36
Q

Mastication

A

Chewing

37
Q

Nomad teeth

A

Sixth, seventh, and eighth teeth from middle on either side of dental arch. Premolar teeth are fourth and fifth teeth, before molars

38
Q

Palate

A

Roof of mouth. Hard palate lies anterior to the soft palate and is supported by the upper jawbone. The soft palate is the posterior fleshy part between the mouth and the throat

39
Q

Pancreas

A

Organ behind the stomach; produces insulin (for transport of sugar into cells) and enzymes (for digestion of foods)

40
Q

Papillae

A

Small projections in the tongue. Nipple like elevation

41
Q

Parotid gland

A

Salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear

42
Q

Peristalsis

A

Involuntary, rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs. Moves the contents through at different rates in gastrointestinal tract

43
Q

Pharynx

A

Throat, common passageway from food from mouth and air from nose

44
Q

Portal vein

A

Large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines

45
Q

Protease

A

Enzyme that digests protein

46
Q

Pulp

A

Soft tissue within a tooth, containing blood vessels and nerves

47
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

Ring of muscles at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum. Normal closed, but opens when wave of peristalsis passes over it

48
Q

Pylorus

A

Distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum

49
Q

Rectum

A

Last section of the large intestine, connecting the end of the colon and the anus

50
Q

Rugae

A

Ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach

51
Q

Saliva

A

Digestive juice produced by salivary glands. Saliva contains the enzyme amylase, which begins the digestion of starch to sugar

52
Q

Salivary glands

A

Parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands

53
Q

Sigmoid colon

A

Fourth and last, S-shapes segment of the colon, just before the rectum; empties into the rectum

54
Q

Sphincter

A

Circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening

55
Q

Stomach

A

Muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus. The stomachs parts are the fundus (proximal section), body (middle section), and antrum (distal section)

56
Q

Triglycerides

A

Fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acids and one part glycerol. Triglycerides (fats) are a subgroup of lipids. Another type is cholesterol

57
Q

Uvula

A

Soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate.

58
Q

Villi

A

Microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream

Medical Terms (17 decks)

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