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Medical Terms > Chapter 13 - Blood System > Flashcards

Chapter 13 - Blood System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is the primary function of blood?

A

Maintain a constant environment for other living tissues of body

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2
Q

What does blood transport?

A

Nutrients, gases, and wastes.
Also transports chemical messengers called hormones from their sites of secretion in glands (they regulate growth, reproduction, and energy production)

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3
Q

What does blood contain?

A

Proteins, white blood cells and antibodies that fight infection, and platelets (thrombocytes) and other proteins to help blood clot

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4
Q

What is it composed of?

A

Composed of cells suspended in plasma (clear, straw-coloured liquid).
Cells are 45% blood volume and contain erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets or thrombocytes.

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5
Q

What is the remaining 55% of blood?

A

Plasma, water solution, salts, sugar, proteins, hormones, lipids, and vitamins

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6
Q

What did hemoglobin do?

A

Enables erythrocytes to carry oxygen. Combination of erythrocytes and hemoglobin (oxyhemoglobin) produces red colour

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7
Q

What do lymphocytes do?

A

Play a role in immune response that protects the body against infection. They can directly attack foreign matter and make antibodies that neutralize and can lead to that destruction of foreign antigens (bacteria and viruses)

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8
Q

What are the three types of granulocytes?

A

Basophils. Eosinophils. Neutrophil.

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9
Q

What are the two types of mononuclear cells?

A

Lymphocyte. Monocyte.

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10
Q

What is the function of basophils?

A

Responds to allergens; releases histamine and heparin

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11
Q

What is the function of eosinophils?

A

Responds to parasitic infections and is a phagocyte I’m allergic reactions

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12
Q

What is the function of neutrophil?

A

Major role in fighting bacterial; phagocyte

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13
Q

What is the function of lymphocyte?

A

Controls immune response; makes antibodies to antigens

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14
Q

What is the function for monocyte?

A

Phagocyte cell that becomes a macrophage and digests bacteria and tissue debris

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15
Q

What is the main function of platelets?

A

To help blood to clot

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16
Q

What is plasma?

A

Liquid part of the blood.

4 parts: albumin, globulins, fibrinogen, prothrombin

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17
Q

What is edema?

A

Swelling. Results when too much fluid from blood “leaks” out into tissues

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18
Q

What is hemolysis?

A

Breakdown of red blood cells

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19
Q

What is coagulation?

A

Blood clotting

20
Q

What are anticoagulant substances?

A

Their in the blood that inhibit blood clotting, do clots don’t form
Ex. Heparin. Warfarin (Coumadin)

21
Q

What is anemia?

A

Deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin

22
Q

What is hemophilia?

A

Excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of factors VIII and IX necessary for blood clotting

23
Q

What is purpura?

A

Multiple pinpoint hemorrhages

24
Q

What is petechiae?

A

Tiny purple or red flat spots appearing on skin as result of hemorrhage

25
Q

What is ecchymoses?

A

Larger, blue or purplish patches on skin (bruises)

26
Q

What is multiple myeloma?

A

Malignant neoplasm of bone marrow

27
Q

What is bleeding time?

A

Time required for blood to stop flowing from a tiny puncture wound

28
Q

What is coagulation time?

A

Time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube

29
Q

What is CBC?

A

Complete blood count

30
Q

What is erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)?

A

Speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma

31
Q

What is hematocrit (Hct)?

A

Percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood

32
Q

What are the abbreviations for hemoglobin?

A

H. Hg. Hgb. HGB

33
Q

What is prothrombin time (PT)?

A

Test of the ability of blood to clot

34
Q

What is RBC?

A

Red blood cell count

35
Q

What is WBC?

A

White blood cell count

36
Q

What is white blood cell differential (count)?

A

Percentages of different types of leukocytes in blood

37
Q

What is blood transfusion?

A

Whole blood or cells taken from donor and infused into patient.

38
Q

What is autologous transfusion?

A

Collection and later reinfusion of a patients own blood or blood components

39
Q

What is bone marrow biopsy?

A

Microscopic examination of a core of bone marrow removed with a needle

40
Q

What is Ab?

A

Anitobody

41
Q

What is CBC?

A

Complete blood count

42
Q

What is Hct?

A

Hematocrit

43
Q

What is lymphs?

A

Lymphocytes

44
Q

What is PT, pro time?

A

Prothrombin time

45
Q

What is sed rate?

A

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

Medical Terms (17 decks)

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