Chapter 13 - Blood System Flashcards
What is the primary function of blood?
Maintain a constant environment for other living tissues of body
What does blood transport?
Nutrients, gases, and wastes.
Also transports chemical messengers called hormones from their sites of secretion in glands (they regulate growth, reproduction, and energy production)
What does blood contain?
Proteins, white blood cells and antibodies that fight infection, and platelets (thrombocytes) and other proteins to help blood clot
What is it composed of?
Composed of cells suspended in plasma (clear, straw-coloured liquid).
Cells are 45% blood volume and contain erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets or thrombocytes.
What is the remaining 55% of blood?
Plasma, water solution, salts, sugar, proteins, hormones, lipids, and vitamins
What did hemoglobin do?
Enables erythrocytes to carry oxygen. Combination of erythrocytes and hemoglobin (oxyhemoglobin) produces red colour
What do lymphocytes do?
Play a role in immune response that protects the body against infection. They can directly attack foreign matter and make antibodies that neutralize and can lead to that destruction of foreign antigens (bacteria and viruses)
What are the three types of granulocytes?
Basophils. Eosinophils. Neutrophil.
What are the two types of mononuclear cells?
Lymphocyte. Monocyte.
What is the function of basophils?
Responds to allergens; releases histamine and heparin
What is the function of eosinophils?
Responds to parasitic infections and is a phagocyte I’m allergic reactions
What is the function of neutrophil?
Major role in fighting bacterial; phagocyte
What is the function of lymphocyte?
Controls immune response; makes antibodies to antigens
What is the function for monocyte?
Phagocyte cell that becomes a macrophage and digests bacteria and tissue debris
What is the main function of platelets?
To help blood to clot
What is plasma?
Liquid part of the blood.
4 parts: albumin, globulins, fibrinogen, prothrombin
What is edema?
Swelling. Results when too much fluid from blood “leaks” out into tissues
What is hemolysis?
Breakdown of red blood cells
What is coagulation?
Blood clotting
What are anticoagulant substances?
Their in the blood that inhibit blood clotting, do clots don’t form
Ex. Heparin. Warfarin (Coumadin)
What is anemia?
Deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin
What is hemophilia?
Excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of factors VIII and IX necessary for blood clotting
What is purpura?
Multiple pinpoint hemorrhages
What is petechiae?
Tiny purple or red flat spots appearing on skin as result of hemorrhage
What is ecchymoses?
Larger, blue or purplish patches on skin (bruises)
What is multiple myeloma?
Malignant neoplasm of bone marrow
What is bleeding time?
Time required for blood to stop flowing from a tiny puncture wound
What is coagulation time?
Time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube
What is CBC?
Complete blood count
What is erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)?
Speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma
What is hematocrit (Hct)?
Percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood
What are the abbreviations for hemoglobin?
H. Hg. Hgb. HGB
What is prothrombin time (PT)?
Test of the ability of blood to clot
What is RBC?
Red blood cell count
What is WBC?
White blood cell count
What is white blood cell differential (count)?
Percentages of different types of leukocytes in blood
What is blood transfusion?
Whole blood or cells taken from donor and infused into patient.
What is autologous transfusion?
Collection and later reinfusion of a patients own blood or blood components
What is bone marrow biopsy?
Microscopic examination of a core of bone marrow removed with a needle
What is Ab?
Anitobody
What is CBC?
Complete blood count
What is Hct?
Hematocrit
What is lymphs?
Lymphocytes
What is PT, pro time?
Prothrombin time
What is sed rate?
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
