Chapter 7 - Urinary System

Question 1

How do the kidneys produce urine?

Answer 1

By filtration

Question 2

What is the process of reabsorption?

Answer 2

Ensures that body retains essential substances like sugar, water, and sodium while allowing waste products to be excreted in urine. Final process in formation of urine is secretion

Question 3

What is a nephron?

Answer 3

A combination of a glomerulus and a renal tubule. Each kidney contains about 1 million nephrons

Question 4

What is nephrolithiasis?

Answer 4

Kidney stones (Rena calculi)

Question 5

What is pyelonephritis?

Answer 5

Inflammation of lining of renal pelvis and renal parenchyma

Question 6

What is diabetes insipidus (DI)?

Answer 6

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is not secreted, or there is a resistance of kidney to ADH

In DI, kidney produces large amounts of dilute Rhine. Lack of ADH prevents water from being reabsorbed into blood through renal tubules

Question 7

What is diabetes mellitus (DM)?

Answer 7

Insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects

Major S+S are glycosuria, hyperglycaemia, polyuria, and polydipsia

Question 8

What is blood urea nitrogen (BUN)?

Answer 8

Measurement of urea levels in blood

Question 9

What is KUB (kidneys, ureters, and bladder)?

Answer 9

X-ray examination (without contrast) of kidneys, ureters, and bladder

Question 10

What is a cystoscope?

Answer 10

Direct visualization of urethra and urinary bladder with an endoscope

Question 11

What is a urinary catheterization?

Answer 11

Passage of a flexible, tubular instrument through urethra into the urinary bladder