Chapter 8 - Female Reproductive System Flashcards
What is sexual reproduction?
Union of ovum (female sex cell) and sperm (male sex cell)
What are gonads?
Organs in both male and female that produce egg and sperm cells
Female: ovaries
Male: testes
Where does ovum go to after it leaves the ovary?
Travels down one of the Fallopian tubes that leads to the uterus (womb)
What is menarche?
The occurrence of the first cycle. Men’s trial cycle continues until menopause, when all eggs have been released, hormone production diminishes, and menstruation ends
What is placenta?
Blood-vessel rich organ. Aka after birth
What happens if fertilization doesn’t occur?
Hormone changes result in shedding of uterine lining, and bleeding, menstruation, occurs
What are the hormones of the ovaries?
Estrogen. Progesterone. Okay role in process of menstruation and pregnancy, and development of secondary sex characteristics
What is gynaecology?
Study of female reproductive system
What is obstetrics?
Specialty concerned with pregnancy and delivery of fetus
What is neonatology?
Study of care and treatment of newborn
What is the vagina
Tubular structure, extends from uterus to exterior of body
Where is the perineum?
Region between vaginas orifice and anus
What are the external genitalia?
Vulva. Labia majora. Labia minora. Hymen
What happens during ovulation?
An ovum matures; it’s follicles ruptures through the surface and releases ovum form ovary
What are fimbriae?
Finger-like ends of Fallopian tubes. The catch egg after it’s release from ovary
Why are cilia one the Fallopian tubes?
They sweep ovum along through their motion
What is the upper portion of uterus?
Fund us
What is the inner layer of uterus?
Endometrium
What is the myometrium?
Middle, muscular layer of the uterine wall
What is the narrow, lowermost portion of the uterus?
Cervix
Cervical opening leads into vagina, which opens to outside of body
What is the breast mostly composed of, and where are they located?
Mammoth glands.
Located on upper anterior region of chest
What is mammary papilla and areola?
Mammary papilla is the nipple. Areola is the dark pigmented area around nipple
What is the placenta?
A vascular organs attached to uterine wall
What is amnion?
Innermost of embryonic membranes, holds fetus suspended in an amniotic cavity surrounded by a fluid called the amniotic fluid
Which way does a baby face in a normal delivery?
The head appears first
Menopause signals gradual ending of menstrual cycles. When does premature and delayed menopause begin?
Premature: before age of 40
Delayed: after age of 55
What is carcinoma of the cervix?
Malignant cells within the cervix (cervical cancer)
What is dysplasia?
Abnormal cell growth
What is endometriosis?
Endometrial tissue located outside uterus.
Endometrial tissue may be found in ovaries, Fallopian tubes, supporting ligaments or small intestine, causing inflammation and scar tissue. When endometrium sheds and bleeds in its monthly cycle, it may cause dysmenorrhea and pelvic pain
What are fibroids?
Benign tumour in uterus
What is ovarian carcinoma?
Malignant tumour of the ovary
What is pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?
Inflammation and infection of organs in pelvic regions; salpingitis, oophoritis, endometritis, and endocervicitis
What is carcinoma of the breast?
Malignant tumour if the breast
What is abruptio placentae?
Premature separation of normally implanted placenta
What is ectopic pregnancy?
Implantation of fertilized egg in any site other than normal uterine location
What is placenta previa?
Implantation of placenta over the cervix am opening or in lower region of uterus
What is Down syndrome?
Chromosomal abnormality results in mental retardation, retarded growth, a flat face with a short nose, low-set ears, and slanted eyes
What is a Pap test (Pap smear)?
Microscopic examination of stained cells removed from vagina and cervix
What is a mammography?
X-ray imaging of breast
What is aspiration?
Withdrawal of fluid from a cavity or sac with an instrument using suction
What is colposcopy?
Visual examination of vagina and cervix using a colposcope
What is dilation (dilatation) and curettage (D&C)?
Widening the cervix and scraping off the endometrial lining of uterus
What is laparoscopy?
Visual examination of abdominal cavity using an endoscope
What is amniocentesis?
Needle puncture of amniotic sac to withdraw amniotic fluid for analysis
