module 5 - 18.5 anaerobic respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

when does anaerobic respiration happen in mammalian cells?

A

all the time - it is the balance between aerobic and anaerobic respiration thats important

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2
Q

what is the difference in production between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

A
  • aerobic - produces net gain of 38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule respired
  • anaerobic - produces net gain of 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule respired
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3
Q

what are obligate anaerobes?

A

microorganisms killed y normal atmospheric concentrations of oxygen
- has to do anaerobic respiration

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4
Q

what are facultative anaerobes?

A

organisms that make ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present, but can switch to anaerobic respiration if oxygen is absent
- can do both aerobic and anaerobic respiration

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5
Q

what are obligate aerobes?

A

organisms that require oxygen to grow
- anaerobic respiration can happen but will only generate ‘emergency ATP’ for a short time

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6
Q

what are yeasts?

A

single celled fungi

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7
Q

what are the 2 types of anaerobic respiration?

A
  • alcoholic fermentation
  • lactate fermentation
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8
Q

what is involved in alcoholic fermentation?

A
  • occurs in yeasts and come plant root cells
  • glycolysis in cytoplasm produces net gain of 2 ATP per glucose
  • pyruvate is made
  • reduced NAD is made
  • pyruvate produced is decarboxylated to ethanal by pyruvate decarboxylase to produce carbon dioxide
  • ethanal reduced to ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenase by accepting hydrogen from reduced NAD
  • reduced NAD oxised back to NAD
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9
Q

what must there be a supply of to keep alcoholic fermentation going?

A

supply of NAD or NAD+

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10
Q

what is involved in lactate fermentation?

A
  • occurs in mammals
  • glycolysis in cytoplasm produces net gain of 2 ATP per glucose
  • pyruvate is made
  • reduced NAD is made
  • pyruvate converted to lactate or lactic acid by lactate dehydrogenase
  • reaction involves accepting hydrogen from reduced NAD, reduced NAD oxidised to NAD so it can accept the hydrogen
  • lactate is converted back to glucose in the liver by the cori cycle
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11
Q

what does regenerated NAD do?

A

goes back to glycolysis steps

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12
Q

what is the final reaction in aerobic respiration pathway?

A

reduction of oxygen to water

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13
Q

rotenone is an insecticide that inhibits the electron transport chain. what are the expected changes caused by rotenone?

A

oxygen consumption - decreased
lactate concentration - increased
krebs cycle activity - decreased

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14
Q

how does chemiosmosis lead to ATP synthesis?

A

hydrogen ions diffuse from inner to outer membrane and out through ATP synthase

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15
Q

cells in culture were supplied with radioactively-labelled oxygen gas. which cell metabolite will show most radioactivity after a few minutes?

A

water

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