BIOLOGY MODULE 6 (papers 2 & 3) Flashcards
1
Q
why does the structure and function of different cells vary?
A
because not all genes in a cell are expressed (transcribed to make a functional protein) - they are selectively switched on or off
2
Q
how do proteins determine the structure and control processes?
A
because cells have different gene expression, different proteins are made which modify the cell and determine the cell structure
3
Q
what is a transcription factor?
A
proteins that help turn specific genes “on” or “off” by binding to nearby DNA
- increases rate = activators, decreases rate = repressors
4
Q
how is gene expression controlled at the transcriptional level?
A
- by altering rate of transcription of genes
- controlled by transcription factors
