module 5 - 18.4 oxidative phosphorylation Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

what is ATP synthase?

A
  • an enzyme that catalyses the formation of ATP using ADP and an inorganic phosphate, Pi
  • is a molecular machine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

why is the formation of ATP from ADP + Pi energetically unfavourable?

A

takes in lots of energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does ATP ensure for the reaction?

A

that the reaction goes in a forward direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the sources of energy used to make the reaction move in a forward direction?

A
  • an electrochemical gradient created by the difference in proton or H+ conc. across inner mitochondrial membrane
  • the protons diffuse back into the matrix by diffusing through ATP synthase, which supplies energy to reaction of ADP +Pi to make ATP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is chemiosmosis?

A

the movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane bound structure, down their electrochemical gradient e.g ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are NAD/FAD?

A

reduced enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the acidity like in the inner membrane of the mitochondria?

A

very acidic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where is the electron transport chain?

A
  • takes place in the cristae
  • oxygen must be present to be able to accept the electrons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the mechanism for producing ATP called?

A

oxidative phosphorylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how many ATP molecules come from oxidative phosphorylation?

A

34/38
(2 from krebs cycle, 2 from glycolysis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the electron transport chain?

A
  • electron carrier proteins are in inner mitochondrial membrane
  • transport high energy electrons between themselves and pump protons to inter-membrane space of mitochondrion
  • creates electrochemical proton gradient across inner mitochondrial membrane
  • the high energy electrons come from reduced NAD and reduced FAD
  • final low energy electrons accepted by free oxygen forming water
  • oxygen is final electron acceptor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are protons?

A

hydrogen atoms left on glucose molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are cytochromes?

A

carriers, conjugated proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

when can aerobic respiration only occur?

A

only happens if free oxygen is present in mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what happens to reduced NAD and reduced FAD during the electron transport chain?

A
  • deliver high energy electrons to electron transport chain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what happens after reduced NAD and reduced FAD deliver high energy electrons to electron transport chain?

A

as electron is passed through the proteins, energy is used to pump protons into inter membrane space

17
Q

how is energy generated during electron transport chain?

A

generated as hydrogen ions (protons) unite to form water, 2 more ATP molecules made

18
Q

how many ATP molecules are made by one reduced NAD?

A

3 ATP molecules formed by oxidative phosphorylation

19
Q

which reactions occur down the length of the chain?

A

redox reactions

20
Q

what is oxidative phosphorylation?

A

ATP synthesis using a flow of protons down a conc. gradient through ATP synthase

21
Q

what does ATP synthase do?

A

the protons in the inter-membrane space diffuse down the conc. gradient through ATP synthase by facilitated diffusion

22
Q

what does the facilitated diffusion produce?

A

water by condensation reaction

23
Q

what is FAD?

A
  • carried hydrogen to electron transport chain
  • delivers its pairs of hydrogen atoms to a carrier further down the chain than reduced NAD
  • generates 2 ATP molecules
24
Q

what is the net production of ATP?

A

38

24
Q

where does the net production of ATP come from?

A

10 reduced NAD yield 30 ATP
4 reduced FAD yield 2 ATP