module 2 - 5.5 osmosis Flashcards

1
Q

how is a solution formed?

A

solute dissolved in a solvent (always water) to form a solution

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2
Q

what is concentration?

A

amount of solute dissolved per unit volume of solvent

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3
Q

what is water potential?

A

pressure exerted by water molecules as they hit a container or membrane

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4
Q

what does water potential quantify?

A

quantifies the tendency of water to move from one area to another due to osmosis and hydrostatic pressure effects

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5
Q

what does it mean to quantify something?

A

give it numbers

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6
Q

what is hydrostatic pressure?

A

pressure of water

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7
Q

what is osmosis?

A

specific type of diffusion

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8
Q

why is osmosis a specific type of diffusion?

A

because it applies only to water molecules moving across a partially permeable membrane down a concentration gradient

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9
Q

what is osmosis explained in terms of?

A

water potential

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10
Q

what is the water potential of pure water?

A

0kPa

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11
Q

why is osmosis diffusion?

A

because it is the solvent molecules moving within solute molecules

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12
Q

how will the water move by osmosis?

A

from area of high WP to low WP through a partially permeable membrane until equilibrium has been reached

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13
Q

what leads to a hydrostatic pressure?

A

movement of water into cells causing the cell volume to increase

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14
Q

can animals increase/decrease in hydrostatic pressure?

A

no - they cannot increase nor decrease

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15
Q

what does it mean if cell if a cell is hypertonic?

A

a solution with a higher WP compared to the cell (cells shrivel)
- causes cells to be crenelated

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16
Q

what does it mean if a cell is isotonic?

A

a solution with the same WP as the cell (equal)
- causes equilibrium

17
Q

what does it mean if a cell is hypotonic?

A

a solution with a lower WP compared to the cell (cells burst)
- causes cytolysis

18
Q

why do cells go through cytolysis/ crenelation?

A

plasma membranes can’t stretch easily and have no mechanical strength to withstand hydrostatic pressure

19
Q

what are erythrocytes?

A

red blood cells

20
Q

which is more dense: red blood cells or plasma

21
Q

what happens when water enters a plant and increases the hydrostatic pressure?

A

the strong cellulose cell wall can withstand the pressure and the cell becomes turgid

22
Q

cells do not suffer from cytolysis, so what happens when they do not have enough water in them?

A

they become plasmolysed/ cell is hypertonic

23
Q

what happens to a cell when a cell has too much water in it?

A

cell becomes turgid/ cell is hypotonic

24
Q

what happens when water movement is in equilibrium in and out of a plant?

A

cell becomes flaccid/ cell is isotonic

25
is there higher water potential in or out of cytoplasm in plants?
higher WP out of cytoplasm in plants
26
what happens to plasma membrane when plant cell is flaccid/ isotonic?
plasma membrane 'peels' away from cell wall, contents no longer pushing against cell wall