module 5 - 14.3 regulation of blood glucose concentration Flashcards

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1
Q

what are glucose fats?

A
  • small, soluble monosaccharide molecule
  • homeostatic norm is 90mg 100cm^-3 blood
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2
Q

what are 3 processes to increase blood glucose concentration?

A
  1. diet
  2. glycogenolysis increase
  3. gluconeogenesis increase
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3
Q

how does diet increase blood glucose concentration?

A

eating and digesting carbohydrates e.g. polysaccharides, disaccharides and monosaccharides

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4
Q

how does an increase in glycogenolysis increase blood glucose concentration?

A

breaking down glycogen in liver and muscle cells into glucose and releasing glucose into the blood

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5
Q

how does an increase in gluconeogenesis increase blood glucose concentration?

A

production of new glucose from non-carbohydrate sources e.g. liver making glucose from triglycerides

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6
Q

what are the target cells for glucagon?

A

liver and muscle cells

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7
Q

what should you not call blood glucose?

A

always blood glucose, never blood sugar

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8
Q

what is negative feedback?

A

reverses original stimulus

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9
Q

which processes decrease blood glucose concentration?

A
  1. respiration
  2. glycogenesis increase
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10
Q

how does respiration increase blood glucose concentration?

A
  • glucose in blood used for cellular respiration to produce ATP
  • demand for ATP increases, then drain on blood glucose increases
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11
Q

how does glycogenesis decrease blood glucose concentration?

A
  • produces glycogen
  • blood glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in liver and muscle cells
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12
Q

what happens if blood glucose is too high?

A
  • beta cells detect change and release insulin into bloodstream
  • most cells have insulin receptors in cell surface, but main response comes from liver and skeletal muscle cells
  • glucose transport channel proteins open, glucose enters cells by facilitated diffusion - blood glucose is lowered
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13
Q

how do cells deal with too much glucose?

A
  • increase respiratory rate
  • increase rate of glycogenesis in liver cells
  • increase rate of glucose conversion to fat by fat cells
  • inhibiting release of glucagon by alpha cells in Islets of Langerhans
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14
Q

which cells detect if blood glucose is too high or low?

A
  • too high = beta cells = release insulin
  • too low = alpha cells = release glucagon
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15
Q

what happens if blood glucose is too low?

A

alpha cells detect change and release glucagon into bloodstream

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16
Q

which responses are initiated by glocagon to increase blood glucose?

A
  1. increase rate of glycogenolysis in lover cells which release glucose into blood
  2. increase rate of gluconeogenesis and releases glucose into blood
  3. inhibiting absorption of glucose from the blood by liver cells
  4. inhibiting glycolysis in the liver
    5.
17
Q

what is gluconeogenesis?

A

conversion of certain amino acids and glycerol into glucose

18
Q

why must cells get rid of glucose flooding into them?

A

water potential must be maintained