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Physiology > Module 4: Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Module 4: Lecture 1 Flashcards

Muscle physiology

1
Q

Structure dictates what?

A

Function

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2
Q

What does “Excitation Contraction Coupling” mean?

A

we excite the muscle
and it is couples with contraction

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3
Q

What is the largest group of tissues in our body?

A

muscles

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4
Q

What percentage of our body mass is muscle?

A

50% with 35-40% being skeletal

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5
Q

When muscles develop tension and shorten what does that create?

A

muscle contractions

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6
Q

We have 2 structure classifications of muscles which are?

A
  1. Striated muscle
  2. Unstriated muscle
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7
Q

What are the 2 subtypes of striated muscle?

A
  1. Skeletal muscle
  2. Cardiac muscle
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8
Q

Is Skeletal muscle voluntary or involuntary?

A

voluntary

ie. bicep curl

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9
Q

Is Cardiac muscle voluntary or involuntary?

A

involuntary

ie. heart beats

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10
Q

Is Smooth muscle voluntary or involuntary?

A

involuntary

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11
Q

Muscle are 4 sub-functions of the muscle?

A
  • protecting out internal organs
  • warmth (through shivering if we get to cold)
  • contains/stores many amino acids
  • huge component to our metabolic rate
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12
Q

What is muscles main function?

A

contraction

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13
Q

One single skeletal muscle cell is also referred to as what?

A

myofibre

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14
Q

What are myoblasts?

A
  • mono nucleotide aka one nucleus
  • undifferentiated cell
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15
Q

How do we get the multinucleated cell?

A

lot’s of myoblasts fuse together to create a myofibre

  • the myoblasts keep their nuclei
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16
Q

In adults what is the range diameter and length of myofibres?

A
  • 20-100 microns in diameter
  • up to 20 cm length

*vary greatly depending on body type

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17
Q

What is the purpose of intercalated discs in regards to cardiac muscle?

A
  • binds cell together
  • allows cells to communicate with each other
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18
Q

What are the Macro-organization tiers of a “generic” muscle?

A
  1. Muscle
    (epimysium wraps around it)
  2. Fascicle (bundle of muscle fibres, surrounded by perimysium)
  3. Muscle Fibre
    (surrounded by endomysium)
  4. Myofibril
    (where all our contractile proteins reside)
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19
Q

What is the epimysium?

A

it is a layer of connective tissue that binds the entire muscle together

  • it will continue on into the tendon sheath
  • very dense and irregular
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20
Q

What is the perimysium layer?

A

it is a layer of connective tissue that binds groups of fibres/cells

  • it will continue on into the tendon sheath
  • very dense and irregular
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21
Q

What is the endomysium layer?

A

it is a layer of connective tissue that binds individual fibres/cells

  • it will continue on into the tendon sheath
  • very dense and irregular
22
Q

What is muscular dystrophy?

A

where you have a degradation of certain structural proteins that are responsible for some connective tissues, which will affect the mobility and the health of your skeletal muscles

23
Q

What gives muscles striations?

A
  • Dark A band
  • Light I band

*is where our thick and thin filaments stay

24
Q

Actin is which filaments?

A

thin

25
Q

Myosin is which filament?

A

thick

26
Q

What is a sarcomere?

A

repeating pattern along the length of the myofibril

  • Dark and Light band
27
Q

Within the
“I” band theres these little straight lines, which are known as what?

A

Z-lines/ Z discs
- represents what a sarcomeres

28
Q

What is the smallest unit of muscle that can contract?

A

sarcomeres

29
Q

Where are your myosin molecules located?

A

thick filaments

30
Q

What are your thick filaments called?

A

A band

  • an isotropic bond
31
Q

What does A band mean?

A

scatters light, meaning when you pass light through it the light scattered and it looks darker to us

32
Q

What does I band mean?

A

it allows light to pass through it isotropically, making it appear brighter

33
Q

What is the Z line?

A

network of connective tissue proteins, structural proteins

34
Q

What anchors a single sarcomere on either side?

A

Z line

35
Q

True or False
One sarcomere is between two Z lines

A

true

36
Q

What are your thin filaments called?

A

I band

37
Q

What is the H zone?

A

center of band A where without any thin filament overlapping the thick ones

38
Q

What does the H band hold?

A

contractile proteins

39
Q

True or False
The thin filaments are anchored directly to the Z-line

A

True

40
Q

True or False
The thick filaments are anchored at the M line and the Z line via Titin

A

True

41
Q

What is the M-line?

A

center of the thick filament

42
Q

What is the largest SINGLE protein in the body?

A

Titin

43
Q

What anchors the Thick filaments to the Z-line?

A

Titin

44
Q

What are the Thick filaments made of?

A
  • Myosin head
  • Myosin tail
45
Q

What are thin filaments made of?

A
  • Majority actin

Regulatory proteins:
- troponin
- tropomyosin

46
Q

Why is troponin and tropomyosin important?

A

key for muscle contractions

47
Q

What is a cross bridge?

A
  • responsible for force generation
  • where the myosin molecules extend to reach the thin action filaments for muscle contraction
48
Q

What is the sliding movement?

A

where our thick and thin filaments move towards the center of the sarcomere for muscle shortening and muscle tension

49
Q

For any given thick filament how many actin molecules
(think filaments) will be surrounding it?

A

6 in a hexagonal pattern

50
Q

For any given thin filament how many molecules
(think filaments) will be surrounding it?

A

3 in a triangular shape

Physiology (27 decks)

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