Lecture 2/3: Properties of Cytoskeleton and ATP processes Flashcards
What are the three pieces that hold the cell together?
- Microtubules (Largest)
- Microfilaments (Smallest)
- Intermediate Filaments
What are the shape of Microtubules and what are they made of?
- long cylinders in shape
- Made of tubulin
What are the functions of Microtubules?
- acts as a molecular highway to transport things from one side of a cell to another
During cell division what do microtubules form?
mitotic spindle
Do the movements of microtubules require energy?
yes
What are the shape of Microfilaments and what are they made of?
- forms strands
- made up of actin and myosin
Where would we find Microfilaments?
- in muscle cells
- certain white blood cells and fibroblasts
What are the shape of Intermediate filaments?
- like a rope shape
What does intermediate filaments do?
- helps resist mechanical stress
What type of cells would we find Intermediate filaments?
in muscle cells, skins cells and lung cells
*and can be present in hair and nails as well
What is cytosol?
= cell gel
What is in Cytosol?
- intermediary metabolism enzymes
- transport, secretory and endocytic vesicles
- inclusions
Where is the intermediary metabolism enzymes in the cytosol?
everywhere, dispersed in the cytosol
Where is the transport, secretory and endocytic vesicles in the cytosol
they are membrane- enclosed products made either in the cell or engulfed by the cell
Where are the inclusions in the cytosol?
- glycogen granules
- fat droplets
What do the intermediary metabolism enzymes do?
- helps intercellular reactions degrate (become weaker or worse)
- causes metabolic reactions aka anabolic and catabolic
What do the transport, secretory and endocytic vesicles do?
transports and stores products being moved in and out of the cell
What do the inclusions do?
stores excess nutrients
Where is energy stored?
in phosphate bonds from ATP
When glucose enters the cell where does it go?
cytosol
What are the main steps for glycolysis?
- glucose a 6 carbon molecule breaks down into 2 three carbon molecules
- these 2 three carbon molecules are called pyruvate
What do we end up with at the end of Glycolysis?
- 2 ATP’s
- 2 NADH molecules
What is McAnrdle disease?
- a disease where we lack the enzyme that involves the first step of turning glycogen into glucose
- meaning less glucose to breakdown to make energy
Where does pyruvate enter?
enters in the matrix of the mitochondria
