Module 3.2 Lecture 1 Flashcards
Autonomic nervous system
The nervous system is divided into 2 sections which are what?
- Central nervous system (CNS)
- Brain and spinal cord - Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
- Nerve fibres
What are the 2 divisions of our peripheral nervous system?
- Afferent division from receptors
- carrying information towards spinal cord - Efferent division to effectors/organs
- carrying information away from spinal cord
The efferent division is divided into 2 nervous systems which are?
- Somatic nervous system
- conscious input
ie. motor neurons, controls skeleteal muscles
- Autonomic nervous system
- unconscious input
ie. smooth and cardiac muscle glands
adipose tissue, liver, gastrointestinal tract
What is the typical structure of an Afferent neuron? aka a sensory neuron
- sensory receptor
- long peripheral axon
- cell body
- central axon
- axon terminals
What are interneurons?
link between afferent and efferent systems
ie. reflexes, heat from a hot stove will go through our afferent neurons to our interneuron to the efferent neuron causing us to pull away rapidly
What percentage of our neurons are interneurons?
99%
The autonomic neuron system is always composed of how many neuron chain?
2 neuron chain
We refer to the pre and post neurons in the autominc system with a different name which is?
pre and post ganglionic neuron
Where is the cell body of the pre-ganglionic neuron?
in the central nervous system
ie. spinal cord
Where is the cell body of the post-ganglionic neuron?
- peripheral nervous system
- ganglia, which is like a nodule of nervous tissue which is just a bunch of cell bodies
Why is the postganglionic neurons axion terminals have a much bigger surface area compared to the regular nerve cell?
- it can release neurotransmitters over a large area, to influence the entire organ rather than one specific organ
ie. when trying to constrict a blood vessel
What do we call the output zone/axion terminals of the postganglionic nerve cell?
Varicosity
The autonomic nervous system has 2 subdivisons which are what?
- The sympathetic nervous system
- The parasympathetic nervous system’s
What is involved in the sympathetic nervous system?
thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord
What is involved in the parasympathetic nervous system?
the brain and sacral/lower spinal cord
In the sympathetic nervous system, what is the structures of the nerves?
- the preganglionic axon fibres will be very short
- the postganglionic axon fibres will be very long
In the PARAsympathetic nervous system, what is the structures of the nerves?
- the preganglionic axon fibres will be very long
- the postganglionic axon fibres will be very short
The output of the nervous system depend on 2 factors which are?
- what is a neurotransmitter that is being released
- what receptor is the neurotransmitter binding to
What is the terminal ganglion
in the parasympathetic systems
- it is the terminal end of the preganglioic nerve
Which neurotransmitter does both the PSNS and SNS use the most?
acetylcholine (ACh)
True of False
All of you pre ganglionic neurons use ACh to synapse with the post ganglionic fibre
True
Which system (either parasympathetic or sympathetic system) use Acetylcholine in both the pre and post ganglionic fibres?
parasympathetic
The sympathetic system uses which neurotransmitter at the post ganglionic nerve fibres?
norepinephrine
Which neurotransmitter i released to all your organs in all the process of the fight or flight response?
norepinephrine
What does cholinergic fibres refer to?
weather or not the nerve fibres release Acetylcholine
What does adrenergic fibres refer to?
weather or not the nerve fibres release norepinephrine
True or False
The parasympathetic system and sympathetic system can be counteractive to each other? Give and example
True
parasympathetic system: can lower your heart rate
sympathetic system: will increase your heart rate as a result of a stimuli
True or False
Both systems are always on always working but one can dominate the other?
True
Which system is referred to as the fight or flight system?
sympathetic nervous system
Which system is referred to as the rest and digest system?
parasympathetic nervous system
