Module 3.2 Lecture 1

Question 1

The nervous system is divided into 2 sections which are what?

Answer 1

1. Central nervous system (CNS)
   - Brain and spinal cord
2. Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
   - Nerve fibres

Question 2

What are the 2 divisions of our peripheral nervous system?

Answer 2

1. Afferent division from receptors
   - carrying information towards spinal cord
2. Efferent division to effectors/organs
   - carrying information away from spinal cord

Question 3

The efferent division is divided into 2 nervous systems which are?

Answer 3

1. Somatic nervous system
   - conscious input

ie. motor neurons, controls skeleteal muscles

2. Autonomic nervous system
   - unconscious input

ie. smooth and cardiac muscle glands
adipose tissue, liver, gastrointestinal tract

Question 4

What is the typical structure of an Afferent neuron? aka a sensory neuron

Answer 4

• sensory receptor
• long peripheral axon
• cell body
• central axon
• axon terminals

Question 5

What are interneurons?

Answer 5

link between afferent and efferent systems

ie. reflexes, heat from a hot stove will go through our afferent neurons to our interneuron to the efferent neuron causing us to pull away rapidly

Question 6

What percentage of our neurons are interneurons?

Answer 6

99%

Question 7

The autonomic neuron system is always composed of how many neuron chain?

Answer 7

2 neuron chain

Question 8

We refer to the pre and post neurons in the autominc system with a different name which is?

Answer 8

pre and post ganglionic neuron

Question 9

Where is the cell body of the pre-ganglionic neuron?

Answer 9

in the central nervous system

ie. spinal cord

Question 10

Where is the cell body of the post-ganglionic neuron?

Answer 10

• peripheral nervous system
• ganglia, which is like a nodule of nervous tissue which is just a bunch of cell bodies

Question 11

Why is the postganglionic neurons axion terminals have a much bigger surface area compared to the regular nerve cell?

Answer 11

• it can release neurotransmitters over a large area, to influence the entire organ rather than one specific organ

ie. when trying to constrict a blood vessel

Question 12

What do we call the output zone/axion terminals of the postganglionic nerve cell?

Answer 12

Varicosity

Question 13

The autonomic nervous system has 2 subdivisons which are what?

Answer 13

1. The sympathetic nervous system
2. The parasympathetic nervous system’s

Question 14

What is involved in the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 14

thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord

Question 15

What is involved in the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 15

the brain and sacral/lower spinal cord

Question 16

In the sympathetic nervous system, what is the structures of the nerves?

Answer 16

• the preganglionic axon fibres will be very short
• the postganglionic axon fibres will be very long

Question 17

In the PARAsympathetic nervous system, what is the structures of the nerves?

Answer 17

• the preganglionic axon fibres will be very long
• the postganglionic axon fibres will be very short

Question 18

The output of the nervous system depend on 2 factors which are?

Answer 18

1. what is a neurotransmitter that is being released
2. what receptor is the neurotransmitter binding to

Question 18

What is the terminal ganglion

Answer 18

in the parasympathetic systems
- it is the terminal end of the preganglioic nerve

Question 19

Which neurotransmitter does both the PSNS and SNS use the most?

Answer 19

acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 20

True of False
All of you pre ganglionic neurons use ACh to synapse with the post ganglionic fibre

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Which system (either parasympathetic or sympathetic system) use Acetylcholine in both the pre and post ganglionic fibres?

Answer 21

parasympathetic

Question 22

The sympathetic system uses which neurotransmitter at the post ganglionic nerve fibres?

Answer 22

norepinephrine

Question 23

Which neurotransmitter i released to all your organs in all the process of the fight or flight response?

Answer 23

norepinephrine

Question 24

What does cholinergic fibres refer to?

Answer 24

weather or not the nerve fibres release Acetylcholine

Question 25

What does adrenergic fibres refer to?

Answer 25

weather or not the nerve fibres release norepinephrine

Question 26

True or False
The parasympathetic system and sympathetic system can be counteractive to each other? Give and example

Answer 26

True

parasympathetic system: can lower your heart rate

sympathetic system: will increase your heart rate as a result of a stimuli

Question 27

True or False
Both systems are always on always working but one can dominate the other?

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Which system is referred to as the fight or flight system?

Answer 28

sympathetic nervous system

Question 29

Which system is referred to as the rest and digest system?

Answer 29

parasympathetic nervous system